
Статья поступила 04.02.2024. После доработки 09.02.2024. Принята к печати 26.02.2025.
Аннотация. В статье исследуется изменение спроса на навыки и квалификации под влиянием технологического прогресса и внедрения искусственного интеллекта. Вопрос рассматривается в трех измерениях: структуре навыков на рынке труда, отдачи от образования, спросе на конкретные навыки и компетенции. Систематический анализ 125 международных публикаций (2018–2023 гг.) показывает, что автоматизация меняет структуру навыков, увеличивая спрос на высшее образование и создавая “премию” за высокую квалификацию. Искусственный интеллект преимущественно затрагивает высококвалифицированные рабочие места, переводя нерутинные навыки в рутинные, и увеличивает потребность в социально-эмоциональных и высокоуровневых когнитивных навыках. При этом возникает дефицит навыков и их быстрое устаревание.
Ключевые слова: навыки, рынок труда, автоматизация, отдача от образования, искусственный интеллект, технологический прогресс, занятость, рабочие места
Благодарность. Исследование осуществлено в рамках Программы фундаментальных исследований НИУ ВШЭ.
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