Статья поступила 04.06.2024. После доработки 17.06.2024. Принята к печати 05.07.2024.
Аннотация. Статья прослеживает эволюцию внешней политики Индии в области ограничения ядерных вооружений в связи с внутриполитическими процессами и развитием военной ядерной программы в этой стране. В исследовании рассматривается развитие многополярности в области ядерной политики под влиянием индийских дипломатических усилий.
Ключевые слова: Индия, разоружение, контроль над ядерным оружием, многополярность, международные организации, нераспространение, ядерные испытания, ядерное оружие
Благодарность. Статья подготовлена при поддержке гранта Министерства науки и высшего образования РФ на проведение крупных научных проектов по приоритетным направлениям научно-технологического развития № 075-15-2024-551 “Глобальные и региональные центры силы в формирующемся мироустройстве”.
СПИСОК ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ
1. Krepon M. Better Wait than Never: Transitioning from Bilateral to Multilateral Strategic Arms Reductions. Reykjavik Summit: Lessons for the Future of US-Russian Relations. Moscow, International Luxembourg Forum on Preventing Nuclear Catastrophe, 2016, pp. 50-64.
2. Arbatov A. Phased Approach to Nuclear Arms Control. Nuclear Disarmament. A Critical Assessment. Vik Steen B.N., Njølstad O., eds. Abingdon, Routledge, 2019, pp. 148-166.
3. Sood R. Introduction. Nuclear Order in the Twenty-First Century. Sood R., ed. New Delhi, Observer Research Foundation, 2019, pp. 9-17.
4. Takemine S. Invisible Nuclear Catastrophe Consequences of the U.S. Atomic and Hydrogen Bomb Testings in the Marshall Islands: Focusing on the “Overlooked” Ailuk Atoll. Hiroshima Peace Science, 2017, no. 39, pp. 43-68. Available at: https://doi.org/10.15027/45729 (accessed 29.06.2024).
5. Malik P. A Speech that Put India on the Global Stage. The Hindu, 02.04.2024. Available at: https://www.thehindu.com/opinion/op-ed/a-speech-that-put-india-on-the-global-stage/article68016249.ece (accessed 01.06.2024).
6. Khawaja A.S. Shaking Hands with Clenched Fists. The Grand Trunk Road to Confidence Building Measures between India and Pakistan. Islamabad, National Defence University, 2018. 334 p.
7. Nehru J. Stand-still Agreement: Statement in the Lok Sabha. Permanent Mission of India, Geneva, 02.04.1954. Available at: https://pmindiaun.gov.in/public_files/assets/pdf/Agreement_6sep.pdf (accessed 01.06.2024).
8. Nehru J. Disarmament from Strength: Speech at the Anti-Nuclear Arms Convention. Permanent Mission of India to the Conference on Disarmament, Geneva, 16.06.1962. Available at: https://meaindia.nic.in/cdgeneva/?pdf0596?000 (accessed 01.06.2024).
9. Bunn G. The Status of Norms against Nuclear Testing. The Nonproliferation Review, 1999, vol. 6, iss. 2, pp. 20-32. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/10736709908436747
10. Deshingkar G. India. Arnett E., ed. Nuclear Weapons after the Comprehensive Test Ban: Implications for Modernization and Proliferation. New York, Oxford University Press, 1996, pp. 41-54.
11. Topychkanov P. US–Soviet/Russian Dialogue on the Nuclear Weapons Programme of India. Strategic Analysis, 2018, vol. 42, iss. 3, pp. 251-259. Available at: https://www.academia.edu/41851142/US_Soviet_Russian_Dialogue_on_the_Nuclear_Weapons_Programme_of_India (accessed 01.06.2024).
12. Ganguly S., Sarkar J. India and the NPT after 50 Years. The Diplomat, 22.06.2018. Available at: https://thediplomat.com/2018/06/india-and-the-npt-after-50-years/ (accessed 01.06.2024).
13. Abe N. The NPT at Fifty: Successes and Failures. Journal for Peace and Nuclear Disarmament, 2020, vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 224-233. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/25751654.2020.1824500
14. Müller H., Fischer D., Kötter W. Nuclear Non-Proliferation and Global Order. New York, Oxford University Press, 1994. 258 p.
15. Emelyanov V.S. Problems of the Nonproliferation of Nuclear Weapons. Moscow, General Editorial Board for Foreign Publications, Nauka Publishers, 1982. 88 p.
16. Kristensen H.M., Norris R.S. Global Nuclear Weapons Inventories, 1945–2013. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, 2013, vol. 69, iss. 5, pp. 75-81. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1177/0096340213501363
17. Villiers J.W. de, Jardine R., Reiss M. Why South Africa Gave up the Bomb. Foreign Affairs, 1993, vol. 72, no. 5, pp. 98-109. Available at: https://doi.org/10.2307/20045817
18. Salik N. Pakistan’s Evolving Nuclear Doctrine. Salik N., ed. Nuclear Pakistan Seeking Security & Stability. Lahore, The University of Lahore, 2018, pp. 49-65.
19. Rizwan M. Nuclear India-Pakistan and Present World Order. Allahabad, Anubhav Publishing House, 2009. 216 p.
20. Tellis A.J. India’s Emerging Nuclear Posture: Between Recessed Deterrent and Ready Arsenal. Santa Monica, RAND, 2001. 885 p.
21. Karamouzi E. ‘At Last, Our Voice is Heard in the World’: Greece and the Six Nation Initiative during the Euromissile Crisis. Crump L., Erlandsson S., eds. Margins for Manoeuvre in Cold War Europe: The Influence of Smaller Powers. Abingdon, Routledge, 2019. Available at: https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/147587/3/Karamouzi_%20The%20Six%20Nation%20Initiative%20FINALEK.pdf (accessed 01.07.2024).
22. Chandra B., Mukherjee A., Mukherjee M. India after Independence. New Delhi, Viking, 1999. 549 p.
ДРУГИЕ ИСТОЧНИКИ
1. Letter, General Zia to President Reagan, Confidential. National Security Archive, 07.11.1984. Available at: https://nsarchive2.gwu.edu/nukevault/ebb531-U.S.-Pakistan-Nuclear-Relations,-1984-1985/documents/Doc%209%20%2011-7-1984%20Zia%20letter.pdf (accessed 01.06.2024).
2. Resolutions Adopted on the Reports of the First Committee: 1762 (XVII). The Urgent Need for Suspension of Nuclear and Thermo-Nuclear Tests. Dag Hammarskjöld Library, 06.11.1962. Available at: https://documents.un.org/doc/resolution/gen/nr0/192/70/pdf/nr019270.pdf?token=1qDzvKXXP0ZZsqVRqS&fe=true (accessed 01.06.2024).
3. Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons. International Atomic Energy Agency, 22.04.1970. Available at: https://www.iaea.org/sites/default/files/publications/documents/infcircs/1970/infcirc140.pdf (accessed 01.06.2024).
4. Prime Minister Shri Morarji Desai’s Reply. Foreign Affairs Records, 1977. New Delhi, MEA Library, 1995, pp. 197-201. Available at: https://mealib.nic.in/?pdf2565?000 (accessed 01.06.2024).
5. Shri Morarji Desai’s Address to the Special Session of U.N. General Assembly on Disarmament. Foreign Affairs Records, 1978. New Delhi, MEA Library, 1995, pp. 235-240. Available at: https://mealib.nic.in/?pdf2566?000 (accessed 01.06.2024).
6. United Nations No. 1 (1978). The United Nations Special Session on Disarmament, New York, 23 May to 1 July 1978. London, Her Majesty’s Stationery Office, 1978. 112 p.
7. External Affairs Minister’s Address to Second Special Session Disarmament. Foreign Affairs Records, 1982. New Delhi, MEA Library, 1995, pp. 165-172. Available at: https://mealib.nic.in/?pdf2566?000 (accessed 01.06.2024).
8. Immediate Nuclear Freeze Urged. Foreign Affairs Records, 1984. New Delhi, MEA Library, 1995, pp. 164-167. Available at: https://mealib.nic.in/?pdf2572?000 (accessed 01.06.2024).
9. Delhi Declaration on Principles for a Nuclear-Weapon Free and Non-violent World. Foreign Affairs Records: 1986. New Delhi, MEA Library, 1995, pp. 379-381. Available at: https://mealib.nic.in/?pdf2574?000 (accessed 01.06.2024).
10. Prime Minister’s U.N. Address on Disarmament. Foreign Affairs Records, 1988. New Delhi, MEA Library, 1995, pp. 173-180. Available at: https://mealib.nic.in/?pdf2576?000 (accessed 01.06.2024).
11. Statement by External Affairs Minister Shri Pranab Mukherjee at UN General Assembly. Foreign Affairs Records: 1995. New Delhi, MEA Library, 1995, pp. 277-281. Available at: https://mealib.nic.in/?pdf2583?000 (accessed 01.06.2024).
12. India’s view on the Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons. Ministry of External Affairs, 22.01.2021. Available at: https://www.mea.gov.in/press-releases.htm?dtl/33409/Indias+view+on+the+Treaty+on+the+Prohibition+of+Nuclear+Weapons (accessed 01.07.2024).
13. Nuclear Disarmament. Ministry of External Affairs, 22.01.2021. Available at: https://meaindia.nic.in/cdgeneva/?pdf0610?000 (accessed 01.07.2024).
14. Астанинская декларация Совета глав государств – членов Шанхайской организации сотрудничества. Президент России, 04.07.2024.
Astana Declaration of the Council of Heads of State of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation. President of Russia, 04.07.2024. (In Russ.) Available at: http://www.kremlin.ru/supplement/6163 (accessed 05.07.2024).
Нет комментариев