332Статья поступила 05.03.2023. После доработки 14.03.2023. Принята к печати 19.04.2023.
Аннотация. По мнению Юргена Хабермаса, одного из ведущих теоретиков в области концептуализации публичной сферы, последняя должна представлять собой общественную площадку, позволяющую гражданам, не подвергаясь никаким ограничениям, выражать, обсуждать, критиковать и в конечном счете публиковать свои мысли. Некоторые исследователи новых медиа верят, что такая публичная сфера воссоздается в век новых информационных технологий в рамках возможностей свободного обмена, предоставляемых интернетом. Вклад интернета в формирование общественного мнения и организацию общественных движений разрушает традиционное представление о том, что граждане могут участвовать в политических процессах только во время выборов, и способствует развитию партиципаторной демократии. В то же время некоторые исследователи новых медиа критически рассматривают интернет-технологии как мощную, “всеобъемлющую” машину, используемую для контроля над гражданами, их эксплуатации и манипуляции ими. В данной статье проделан краткий сравнительный анализ проблемы и предпринята попытка ответить на вопрос, может ли интернет способствовать формированию свободной публичной сферы, независимой от сферы политической.
Ключевые слова: Хабермас, публичная сфера, общественное мнение, политическое участие, интернет-активизм, новые медиа
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