Статья поступила в редакцию 24.10.2021.
Аннотация. Статья посвящена политике США в отношении КНДР при администрации Джо Байдена. Трансформация американских подходов рассматривается на фоне неудач, постигших Д. Трампа в попытках добиться заключения всеобъемлющей сделки с Пхеньяном по ядерной проблеме. Дистанцируясь от прежнего курса на достижение комплексного и окончательного урегулирования, Вашингтон нацеливается на решение практических задач обеспечения текущих “жизненных интересов” в сфере безопасности как самих США, так и их ближайших союзников в АТР – Южной Кореи и Японии. Освещаются некоторые новые идеи, циркулирующие в американском экспертном сообществе, включая концепцию “контроля над вооружениями” на Корейском полуострове, а также основные элементы северокорейских подходов к вопросу о диалоге с США.
Ключевые слова: ядерная проблема, ракетно-ядерные программы, денуклеаризация, угрозы безопасности, контроль над вооружениями, Джо Байден, Д. Трамп, Ким Чен Ын, Корейский полуостров, КНДР, США
СПИСОК ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ
- Brennan D. Kim Jong Un Expanding Arsenal Right Under Trump’s Nose While President Legitimizes Dictator’s Human Rights Abuses, North Korea Expert Says. Newsweek, 08.28.2019. Available at: https://www.newsweek.com/kim-jong-un-expanding-arsenal-right-under-trumps-nose-while-president-legitimizes-dictators-human-1456518 (accessed 24.12.21).
- Full transcript: President Joe Biden delivers speech to joint session of Congress. ABC News, April 29, 2021. Available at: https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/full-transcript-president-joe-biden-delivers-speech-joint/story?id=77374778 (accessed 28.10.2021).
- Annual Threat Assessment of the US Intelligence Community. April 9, 2021. Available at: https://www.armed-services.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/2021-04-09%20Final%20ATA%202021%20%20Unclassified%20Report%20-%20rev%202.pdf (accessed 28.10.2021).
- North Korea’s Nuclear Weapons and Missile Programs. IN FOCUS. Congressional Research Service. December 13, 2021. Available at: https://fas.org/sgp/crs/nuke/IF10472.pdf (accessed 28.10.2021).
- Bennett B.W., Choi Kang, Go Myong-Hyun, Bechtol B.E., Jr., Park Jiyoung, Klingner B., Cha Du-Hyeogn. Countering the Risks of North Korean Nuclear Weapons. Perspective. Experts Insights on a Timely Policy Issue. Rand Corporation. April 2021. 100 p. Available at: https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/perspectives/PEA1000/PEA1015-1/RAND_PEA1015-1.pdf (accessed 28.10.2021).
- Стратегический потенциал КНДР и безопасность на Корейском полуострове: взгляд в будущее. Совместное исследование Международного института стратегических исследований (IISS) Центра энергетики и безопасности (CENESS). Москва, 2021. 80 с. [DPRK Strategic Capabilities and Security on the Korean Peninsula. A joint study by the International Institute of Strategic Studies (IISS) and the Center for Energy and Security (CENESS). Moscow, 2021. 80 p. (In Russ.)] Available at: http://ceness-russia.org/data/doc/Joint_IISS-CENESS_report_on_Korean_Peninsula_Russian_Very%20Final.pdf (accessed 28.10.2021).
- Fuhrman E. Could U.S. Missile Defenses Destroy a North Korean ICBM? 1945, June 22, 2021. Available at: https://www.19fortyfive.com/2021/06/could-u-s-missile-defenses-destroy-a-north-korean-icbm/ (accessed 28.10.2021).
- North Korea’s Nuclear Weapons and Missile Programs. Congressional Research Service. December 13, 2021. Available at: https://crsreports.congress.gov/product/pdf/IF/IF10472 (accessed 24.12.2021).
- CFR org. Editors. North Korea’s Military Capabilities. Council on Foreign Relations. December 22, 2021. Available at: https://www.cfr.org/backgrounder/north-koreas-military-capabilities (accessed 25.12.2021).
- Episkopos M. Calm Down: This North Korean Missile Isn’t as Tough as It Looks. The National Interest, June 15, 2021. Available at: https://nationalinterest.org/blog/reboot/calm-down-north-korean-missile-isn%E2%80%99t-tough-it-looks-189705 (accessed 28.10.2021).
- Background Press Call by a Senior Administration Official on the Official Working Visit of the Republic of Korea. The White House. May 19, 2021. Available at: https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/press-briefings/2021/05/20/background-press-call-by-a-senior-administration-official-on-the-official-working-visit-of-the-republic-of-korea/ (accessed 28.10.2021).
- Rogin J. Opinion: Biden’s North Korea strategy: Hurry up and wait. The Washington Post, May 5, 2021. Available at: https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2021/05/05/bidens-north-korea-strategy-hurry-up-wait/ (accessed 28.10.2021).
- U.S. – ROK Leaders’ Joint Statement. The White House. May 21, 2021. Available at: https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/statements-releases/2021/05/21/u-s-rok-leaders-joint-statement/ (accessed 25.12.2021).
- Tobias Harris Abigail Bard, Haneul Lee. Prospects of Diplomacy with North Korea. Center of American Progress. November 3, 2021. Available at: https://www.americanprogress.org/article/prospects-diplomacy-north-korea/ (accessed 25.12.2021).
- Panda A. Biden’s Next Steps on North Korea Contain a Dose of Realism. Carnegie Endowment, May 6, 2021. Available at: https://carnegieendowment.org/2021/05/06/biden-s-next-steps-on-north-korea-contain-dose-of-realism-pub-84485 (accessed 22.10.21).
- Fuhrman E. Just How New Is Joe Biden’s “New” North Korea Policy? The National Interest, May 5, 2021. Available at: https://nationalinterest.org/blog/korea-watch/just-how-new-joe-bidens-new-north-korea-policy-184462 (accessed 28.10.2021).
- Sue Mi Terry. North Korea’s Nuclear Family. How the Kims Got the Bomb and Why They Won’t Give It Up. Foreign Affairs, September/October 2021. Available at: https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/north-korea/2021-08-24/north-koreas-nuclear-family (accessed 25.12.2021).
- Cha V. Biden’s N. Korea Policy and Kim Jong-un’s Silence. The Chosunilbo, June 17, 2021. Available at: http://english.chosun.com/site/data/html_dir/2021/06/23/2021062301330.html (accessed 22.10.2021).
- Press Gaggle by Principal Deputy Press Secretary Karine Jean-Pierre En Route Boise, ID. The White House. September 13, 2021. Available at: https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/press-briefings/2021/09/13/press-gaggle-by-principal-deputy-press-secretary-karine-jean-pierre-en-route-boise-id/ (accessed 22.10.2021).
- On Report Made by Supreme Leader Kim Jong Un at 8th Congress of WPK. KCNA Watch, 09.01.2021. Available at: https://kcnawatch.org/newstream/1610155111-665078257/on-report-made-by-supreme-leader-kim-jong-un-at‑8th-congress-of-wpk/ (accessed 22.10.2021).
- Fifth Plenary Meeting of Seventh Central Committee of Workers’ Party of Korea Held. KCNA Watch, 01.01.2020. Available at: https://kcnawatch.org/newstream/1577943153-613054498/fifth-plenary-meeting-of-seventh-central-committee-of-workers-party-of-korea-held/ (accessed 25.12.2021).
- Press Statement by Kim Yo Jong, First Vice Department Director of Central Committee of Workers’ Party of Korea. KCNA Watch, 10.07.2020. Available at: https://kcnawatch.org/newstream/1594348295-223401998/press-statement-by-kim-yo-jong-first-vice-department-director-of-central-committee-of-workers-party-of-korea/ (accessed 22.10.2021).
- 김여정 조선로동당 중앙위원회 부부장 담화. 조선민주주의인민공화국 외무성, 2021.08.10. [Press Statement by Kim Yo Jong, Vice Department Director of WPK Central Committee. Ministry of Foreign Affairs, DPRK, 2021.08.10. (In Kor.)] Available at: http://www.mfa.gov.kp/view/article/13069 (accessed 22.10.2021).
- Supreme Leader Kim Jong Un Makes Opening Speech at 8th WPK Congress. KCNA Watch, 06.01.2021. Available at: https://kcnawatch.org/newstream/1609914831-848334469/supreme-leader-kim-jong-un-makes-opening-speech-at-8th-wpk-congress/ (accessed 25.12.2021).
- The Democratic People’s Republic of Korea Food Supply and Demand Outlook in 2020/21 (November/October). Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 14 June 2021. 7 p. Available at: http://www.fao.org/3/cb5146en/cb5146en.pdf (accessed 22.10.2021).
- Yi Wonju. N.K. leader calls on ruling party to wage tougher “Arduous March” amid prolonged sanctions. Yonhap, April 09, 2021. Available at: https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20210409001052325?section=nk/nk (accessed 25.12.2021).
- Clynch H. North Korea is on the verge of a humanitarian collapse. The Spectator, November 21, 2021. Available at: https://www.spectator.co.uk/article/north-korea-is-on-the-verge-of-a-humanitarian-collapse (accessed 25.12.2021).
- Joung Eun-Lee. Is the North Korean Economy Under Kim Jong Un in Danger? “Arduous March” in the Age of COVID‑19? 38 North, July 13, 2021. Available at: https://www.38north.org/2021/07/is-the-north-korean-economy-under-kim-jong-un-in-danger-arduous-march-in-the-age-of-covid-19/ (accessed 22.10.2021).
- Third Enlarged Meeting of Political Bureau of 8th C.C., WPK Held. KCNA Watch, 03.09.2021. Available at: https://kcnawatch.org/newstream/1630648890-988795479/third-enlarged-meeting-of-political-bureau-of‑8th-c-c-wpk-held/ (accessed 22.10.2021).
- Soo Kim. North Korea’s “Business as Usual” Missile Provocations. RAND Corporation, October 14, 2021. Available at: https://www.rand.org/blog/2021/10/north-koreas-business-as-usual-missile-provocations.html (accessed 25.12.2021).
- Application of Safeguards in the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea Report by the Director General. IAEA. Board of Governors. General Conference, 27. August 2021. Available at: https://www.iaea.org/sites/default/files/gc/gc65-22.pdf (accessed 22.10.2021).
- Third-day Sitting of 3rd Plenary Meeting of 8th Central Committee of WPK Held. KCNA Watch, 18.06.2021. Available at: https://kcnawatch.org/newstream/1623966502-317272732/third-day-sitting-of‑3rd-plenary-meeting-of‑8th-central-committee-of-wpk-held (accessed 25.12.2021).
- Lucier W. Getting to a Deal with North Korea. American Security Project, December 2018. Available at: https://www.americansecurityproject.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Ref-0219-Getting-to-a-Deal-with-North-Korea.pdf (accessed 22.10.2021).
- Dalton T., Kim Youngjun. Negotiating Nuclear Arms Control with North Korea: Why and How? The Korean Journal of Defense Analysis, 2021, vol. 33, no. 1, pp. 1-21. DOI: 10.22883/kjda.2021.33.1.001 Available at: https://www.kci.go.kr/kciportal/landing/article.kci?arti_id=ART002686649 (accessed 23.10.2021).
- Yun Y., Aum F. A practical approach to North Korea for the next US president. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, October 2, 2020. Available at: https://thebulletin.org/2020/10/a-practical-approach-to-north-korea-for-the-next-us-president/ (accessed 23.10.2021).
- Denuclearization of What? U.S. Switch on N. Korea Wording Raises Debate. The Asahi Shimbun, March 18, 2021. Available at: https://www.asahi.com/ajw/articles/14280096 (accessed 25.12.2021).
- Hecker S.S. Why Insisting on a North Korean Nuclear Declaration Up Front is a Big Mistake. 38 North, November 28, 2018. Available at: https://www.38north.org/2018/11/shecker112818/ (accessed 23.10.2021).
- Cohen Z. Satellite Images Reveal North Korea Expanding Facility Used to Produce Weapons-Grade Uranium. CNN, September 16, 2021. Available at: https://edition.cnn.com/2021/09/16/politics/north-korea-yongbyon-expansion-satellite-images/index.html (accessed 23.10.2021).
- Kim Jong Un’s 2019 New Year Address. The National Committee on North Korea. January 01, 2019. Available at: https://www.ncnk.org/resources/publications/kimjongun_2019_newyearaddress.pdf/file_view (accessed 25.12.2021).
- Department Press Briefing – July 22, 2021. US Department of State, July 21, 2021. Available at: https://www.state.gov/briefings/department-press-briefing-july-22-2021/ (accessed 23.10.2021).
- Thornton S.A., Li Nan, Lee J. Debating North Korea: US and Chinese Perspectives. 38 North, August 25, 2021. Available at: https://www.38north.org/2021/08/debating-north-korea-us-and-chinese-perspectives/ (accessed 26.12.2021).
- Soo Kim. Can China Be a Real Partner in Bringing North Korea to the Nuclear Negotiating Table? RAND Corporation, July 14, 2021. Available at: https://www.rand.org/blog/2021/07/can-china-be-a-real-partner-in-bringing-north-korea.html (accessed 26.12.2021).
- Wilson Memo: The Unique Relationship Between China & North Korea. Wilson Center. Available at: https://www.wilsoncenter.org/publication/wilson-memo-unique-relationship-between-china-north-korea (accessed 26.12.2021).
- U.S. Double-Dealing Attitude Is Main Stumbling Block in Settling Korean Peninsula Issue. KCNA Watch, 17.09.2021. Available at: https://kcnawatch.org/newstream/1631871148-220005883/u-s-double-dealing-attitude-is-main-stumbling-block-in-settling-korean-peninsula-issue/ (accessed 23.10.2021).
Размещено в РИНЦ
Нет комментариев