
Статья поступила в редакцию 30.03.2021.
Аннотация. Проанализирована роль Саудовской Аравии на мировом рынке нефти начиная с 1920-х годов и до настоящего времени. Показано, что стратегия страны всегда была направлена на обеспечение стабильности предложения нефти на мировом рынке. Как лидер ОПЕК, Королевство стремится к тому, чтобы организация проводила рациональную и ответственную политику, поддерживая баланс между предложением нефти и спросом на нее в целях предотвращения глубокого и длительного снижения ее цены. Вплоть до последнего времени важнейшей составляющей саудовской нефтяной политики было стратегическое взаимодействие с США. Перестройка мирового рынка нефти под влиянием “сланцевой революции” и ожидаемого пика глобального спроса на нефть порождает новые вызовы. Действующее с 2017 г. соглашение ОПЕК+ по ограничению нефтедобычи временно позволяет поддерживать баланс между спросом на нефть и ее предложением и не допустить глубокого снижения цены нефти. Дальнейшие перспективы Саудовской Аравии зависят от того, насколько эффективно она сможет в бли¬жайшие одно-два десятилетия распорядиться доходами от экспорта нефти для диверсификации национальной экономики.
Ключевые слова: мировой рынок нефти, “сланцевая революция”, Саудовская Аравия, США, ОПЕК, ОПЕК+, Saudi Aramco
Статья опубликована в рамках проекта “Посткризисное мироустройство: вызовы и технологии, конкуренция и сотрудничество” по гранту Министерства науки и высшего образования РФ на проведение крупных научных проектов по приоритетным направлениям научно-технологического развития (Соглашение № 075-15-2020-783).
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