250М. Небольсина, Институт международных исследований МГИМО МИД России, РФ, 119454 Москва, пр-т Вернадского, 76 (nebolsinama@gmail.com)
Статья поступила в редакцию 16.09.2020.
Аннотация. В статье рассматриваются предпосылки разработки конвенционального документа ООН о частных военизированных и охранных компаниях (ЧВОК). Ставится вопрос о заинтересованных в создании такого документа акторах, и через призму противоречий, связанных с разработкой международно-правовых норм в отношении как уже известного явления – наемничества, так и новых военно-силовых структур. Делается попытка объяснить, почему конвенция осталась на уровне проекта. Анализируются проблемы определения статуса ЧВОК и отделения их от таких незаконных акторов, как наемники. Исследуются трудности, связанные с продвижением международной конвенции ООН по регулированию, надзору и контролю над деятельностью ЧВОК, которые возникают как в научном сообществе, так и внутри самой ООН.
Ключевые слова: негосударственные акторы, частные военизированные и охранные компании (ЧВОК), наемники, ООН, вооруженные конфликты, частные силовые функции, международно-правовое регулирование, приватизация права
Материал подготовлен в рамках гранта ИМИ МГИМО № 1921-01-07: “Новые формы стратегической конкуренции великих держав в XXI веке” по направлению “Анализ и прогнозирование эволюции международных отношений в контексте смены технологического уклада”.
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