А. Шумилин, Институт Европы РАН, РФ, 125009 Москва, ул. Моховая, 11, стр. 3 (mideast@bk.ru)
Аннотация. В статье сделана попытка анализа генезиса конфликтов на Ближнем Востоке, трансформации их природы за последние два десятилетия. Если с середины XX столетия цепь основных кризисных ситуаций в регионе замыкалась на противостоянии арабских стран и Израиля, то теперь очевидно другое: утвердившиеся к концу второго десятилетия XXI в. региональные центры силы (Иран, Турция, Саудовская Аравия) противостоят друг другу в контексте геополитического соперничества, а также противоречий, связанных с общей для них религией – исламом. Сегодня основные конфликты там развиваются в плоскости внутриисламского противостояния – как между суннитами и шиитами, так и в самoм суннитском сообществе. Преобразование в июле 2020 г. храма-музея Святой Софии в Стамбуле в мечеть становится символом расставания Турции с наследием Ататюрка, проявлением новой политической идентификации этого государства как важного центра исламского мира.
Ключевые слова: ближневосточные конфликты, Сирия, Ливия, Турция, Израиль, Саудовская Аравия, Исламская республика Иран (ИРИ), Персидская империя, османизм
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