
В. Веденеева, ИМЭМО им. Е.М. Примакова РАН, РФ, 117997 Москва, Профсоюзная ул., 23 (vtvedeneeva@gmail.com)
Аннотация. Миграционный кризис, который Европа пережила в 2015–2016 гг., показал необходимость не только регулирования (прежде всего, ограничения) миграционного потока, но и выработки эффективных программ интеграции беженцев и лиц, нуждающихся в международной защите, как целевой группы. В странах – членах ЕС на национальном уровне действуют различные интеграционные модели и схемы, но приоритетной задачей остается интеграция на рынке труда. Наиболее успешным опытом в данной сфере обладают скандинавские страны и Германия.
Ключевые слова: Европа, ЕС, мигранты, беженцы, интеграция, политика интеграции, рынок труда, занятость, профобучение, языковая подготовка, квалификация, оценка профессиональных навыков
СПИСОК ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ
1. 1.2 Million First-time Asylum Seekers Registered in 2016. Eurostat Newsrelease. 46/2017. 16 March 2017. Available at: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/2995521/7921609/3-16032017-BP-EN.pdf/e5fa98bb-5d9d-4297-9168-d07c67d1c9e1 (accessed 12.03.2018).
2. 650 000 First-time Asylum Seekers Registered in 2017. Eurostat Newsrelease. 47/2018. 20 March 2018. Available at: http://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/2995521/8754388/3-20032018-AP-EN.pdf/50c2b5a5-3e6a-4732-82d0-1caf244549e3 (accessed 12.03.2018).
3. Countries of Destination: Germany, Italy and France the Main. Eurostat. Asylum Statistics. 16 March 2018 and 18 April 2018 (part of final decisions). Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Asylum_statistics#Countries_of_destination:_Germany.2C_Italy_and_France_the_main (accessed 21.08.2018).
4. Asylum Decisions in the EU-EU Member States Granted Protection to More Than Half a Million Asylum Seekers in 2017. Almost One-third of the Beneficiaries Were Syrians. Eurostat Newsrelease. 67/2018. 19 April 2018. Available at: https://www.reddit.com/r/europe/comments/8ddbo5/asylum_decisions_in_the_eueu_member_states/ (accessed 12.05.2018).
5. Decisions on Asylum Applications. Eurostat Statistics Explained. Asylum Quarterly Report. 15 June 2018. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Asylum_quarterly_report#Decisions_on_asylum_applications (accessed 21.08.2018).
6. Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions. Action Plan on the Integration of Third Country Nationals. COM(2016) 377 final. Brussels. 07.06.2016. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/home-affairs/sites/homeaffairs/files/what-we-do/policies/european-agenda-migration/proposal-implementation-package/docs/20160607/communication_action_plan_integration_third-country_nationals_en.pdf (accessed 10.11.2017).
7. European Parliament Resolution of 5 July 2016 on Refugees: Social Inclusion and Integration into the Labour Market (2015/2321(INI)). Available at: http://www.europarl.europa.eu/sides/getDoc.do?pubRef=-//EP//TEXT+TA+P8-TA-2016-0297+0+DOC+XML+V0//EN (accessed 14.11.2017).
8. Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions. A New Skills Agenda for Europe. Working Together to Strengthen Human Capital, Employability and Competitiveness. COM(2016) 0381 final. Brussels. 10.06.2016. Available at: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/en/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52016DC0381 (accessed 20.11.2017).
9. Report from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions. COM(2017) 287 final. Brussels. 06.06.2017. Available at: http://www.google.ru/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&ved=2ahUKEwjZ8s7Gzt3dAhUhqIsKHbjkCM0QFjAAegQICRAC&url=http%3A%2F%2Fec.europa.eu%2Fsocial%2FBlobServlet%3FdocId%3D17834%26langId%3Den&usg=AOvVaw1hzBmOti-yR8YKx12tS6Al (accessed 13.08.2018).
10. Making Integration Work: Refugees and Others in Need of Protection. Paris, OECD Publishing, 2016. Available at: http://lft.ee/admin/upload/files/OECD%20Integratsioon.pdf (accessed 28.09.2017).
11. Finland: Action Plan on Integration Taking into Account Increasing Immigration Flows. 27.11.2015. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/migrant-integration/news/finland-action-plan-on-integration-taking-into-account-increasing-immigration-flows (accessed 25.02.2018).
12. Les perspectives des migrations internationals. 29 Juin 2017. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/migr_outlook-2017-fr (accessed 06.10.2017).
13. Gesetzentwurf der Bundesregierung. Integrationsgesetz.doc. BMAS. 24.05.2016. Available at: https://www.bmas.de/SharedDocs/Downloads/DE/PDF-Meldungen/2016/entwurf-integrationsgesetz.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=4 (accessed 29.01.2018).
14. Edin P.-A., Fredriksson P. & Åslund O. Settlement Policies and the Economic Success of Immigrants. Journal of Population Economics, 2004, February, vol. 117, no. 1, pp. 133-155.
15. Густаффсон Б. Современный опыт Швеции в области международной миграции: проблемы и исследования. Журнал исследований социальной политики, 2003, т. 1, № 2, сс. 185-211. [Gustaffson B. Sovremennyi opyt Shvetsii v oblasti mezhdunarodnoi migratsii: problemy i issledovaniya [Sweden’s Recent Experience of International Migration: Issues and Studies]. Zhurnal issledovanii sotsial’noi politiki, 2003, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 185-211.]
16. Degler E., Liebig T. Labour Market Integration of Refugees in Germany. OECD. 2017. Available at: https://www.oecd.org/els/mig/Finding-their-Way-Germany.pdf (accessed 25.09.2017).
17. Brücker H. Time Is Being Wasted. 2016. Available at: https://www.uni-bamberg.de/en/news/artikel/refugees-bruecker/ (accessed 14.10.2017).
18. Peschner J. Labour Market Performance of Refugees in the EU. Analytical Support to the Employment and Social Developments in Europe 2016. Working paper 1/2017. Review. ESDE, 2016, p. 5. Available at: http://ec.europa.eu/social/main.jsp?catId=738&langId=fr&pubId=7992&furtherPubs=yes (accessed 07.02.2018).
19. Lemaître G. The Integration of Immigrants into the Labour Market: The Case of Sweden. OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers, 2007, no. 48. Available at: http://www.oecd.org/els/38164205.pdf (accessed 16.04.2017).
20. Репина М. Современная иммиграционная политика Швеции: проблема в реализации? Таллин, 2017. 83 с. [Repina M. Sovremennaya immigratsionnaya politika Shvetsii: problema v realizatsii? [Modern Immigration Policy in Sweden: Is the Problem in Implementation?] Tallinn, 2017. 83 p.]
21. Farchi E., Liebig T. A Discussion of the Swedish Migrant Integration System. OECD. 2014, p. 11. Available at: http://www.oecd.org/els/mig/swedish-migrant-intergation-system.pdf (accessed 20.05.2017).
22. Share of Companies Employing Refugees Triples. Randstad Ifo Personnel Manager Survey. Available at: https://www.cesifo-group.de/ifoHome/facts/Survey-Results/Personalleiterbefragung/Archiv/Personalleiterbefragung-2017Q1.html (accessed 10.01.2018).
23. Karlsdóttir A., Norlén G., Rispling L. and Randall L., eds. State of the Nordic Region 2018: Immigration and Integration Edition. 2018. Available at: http://norden.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1192284/FULLTEXT01.pdf (accessed 29.01.2018).
24. Konle-Seidl R., Bolits G. Labour Market Integration of Refugees: Strategies and Good Practices. Study. March 2016. Available at: http://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/STUD/2016/578956/IPOL_STU(2016)578956_EN.pdf (accessed 10.10.2017).
25. Perspectives des migrations internationale. OECD. 29 Juin 2017. Available at: https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/social-issues-migration-health/international-migration-outlook-2017/summary/french_a52197db-fr (accessed 10.10.2017).
26. MYSKILLS – Recognising Professional Competencies. European Commission. German PES. Federal Employment Agency. 2017(a). Available at: http://ec.europa.eu/social/BlobServlet?docId=18693&langId=en (accessed 20.02.2018).
27. Public Employment Services (PES) Initiatives around Skills, Competencies and Qualifications of Refugees and Asylum Seekers. Thematic Paper. European Commission. September 2017. Available at: http://ec.europa.eu/social/BlobServlet?docId=18319&langId=en (accessed 20.02.2018).
28. Geflüchtete Menschen in den Arbeitsmarktstatistiken – Erste Ergebnisse. Hintergrundinformation. Nürnberg, Juni 2016. Available at: https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de/Statischer-Content/Statistische-Analysen/Statistische-Sonderberichte/Generische-Publikationen/Gefluechtete-Menschen-in-den-Arbeitsmarktstatistiken.pdf (accessed 30.01.2018).
29. Fluchtmigration. Berichte: Arbeitsmarkt kompakt. Juli 2018. Bundesagentur für Arbeit Statistik/Arbeitsmarktberichterstattung. Available at: https://statistik.arbeitsagentur.de/Statischer-Content/Statistische-Analysen/Statistische-Sonderberichte/Generische-Publikationen/Fluchtmigration.pdf (accessed 30.01.2018).
30. 1 Euro Job – Hartz IV. Arbeitsgelegenheit mit Mehraufwandsentschädigung beim Arbeitslosengeld II. Available at: https://www.hartziv.org/ein-euro-job.html (accessed 13.08.2018).
Размещено в РИНЦ
Нет комментариев