This article is devoted to the development of innovative digital military technologies. The authors set themselves the goal of deepening the understanding of the most important areas of the global technological transformation, as well as the complexity and interdependence of the main critical and emerging military-oriented technologies in the main centers of the digital innovation shift. The financial support and the most important features of R&D development in the United States, Russia, and China are analyzed, and the strategic nature of their competition is emphasized. Particular attention is paid to key digital functionalities, especially artificial intelligence and quantum computing. It is noted that the desire of the United States for global technological and military-technical leadership in the context of dynamic changes in technological development and, accordingly, the emergence of not only new opportunities but also new challenges spurs on the study of global innovation and digital development.