Compliance with meeting the global adaptation challenges posed by climate change is rooted to a high extent in success of adaptation in the regions and locales worldwide. This article explores the regional aspects in governance of responses to global and regional climate change impacts on the society. Its focus is on the Arctic region and responses to increasing risks of natural disasters with destructive effects for local communities and their well-being, economic sectors and infrastructure in climate vulnerable areas of the extreme North. It presents the research results from the Arctic where global climate change has been unfolding more rapidly than in other parts of the world and highlights the important quests for the region and its eight states in adapting to its consequences through planning and implementation action. The adaptation package in the Arctic includes elaboration of strategies in disaster risk reduction, application of a set of disaster response instruments, including structural measures, resettlement, introduction of legal and regulatory norms, economic tools, financing and climate services. Responses of the Arctic society to consequences of climate change coincide with the recently dynamic social, economic and institutional transformations in the Arctic defined both by regional and global drivers. We conclude that the emerging system of climate adaptive governance in the extreme North with its major goal towards enhanced well-being and safety of its residents, security for critical infrastructure and economic sectors is in the tight intertwine with the Arctic sustainable development agenda up to 2030. The article presents the results of multidisciplinary research integrating methods of social and natural sciences with valuable traditional knowledge about local adaptation practices.