The introduction of nuclear power is an ambitious, strategically significant undertaking currently being implemented by Poland as it steadily strengthens its political and economic influence both within the European Union and in the broader context of global international relations. Poland intends to use nuclear power to overcome the limitations of its current energy mix, meet European Union climate policy requirements, and strengthen the competitiveness of its economy. However, the lack of domestic technological capacity necessitates the involvement of a foreign technology provider-not only for the construction of nuclear power plants but also for the development of related infrastructure. The choice of a foreign partner is shaped by the prevailing geopolitical situation and the network of political and economic relationships that arise from this decision. The progress and eventual completion of the nuclear power program will carry significant foreign policy implications for the regional system of international relations. This article, drawing on methods of systematic and institutional analysis, represents the first attempt to examine the political and strategic factors underlying the implementation of Poland’s nuclear power program as reflected in strategic planning documents. In the framework of the empirical research, the program is understood as a complex political and strategic project. The study highlights the specificity of the domestic political processes surrounding it and, in its applied dimension, identifies foreign policy implications while assessing the risks associated with the program’s implementation.