12519 июня 2024 г. в «The Economic Times» вышло эксклюзивное интервью президента ИМЭМО РАН академика Александра Дынкина в преддверии форума «Примаковские чтения», в котором он обсудил роль БРИКС в формировании глобальных экономических тенденций, ключевую роль Индии в БРИКС и подчеркнул потенциал роста российско-индийских отношений.
Since January 1st 2024 BRICS accounts 10 states. The association is rapidly gaining political and economic weight. Its total GDP already exceeds that of the G7 countries. And according to the World Bank's assessment of 30.05 2024, 3 BRICS countries are among the five world leaders in terms of the size of their economies. Undoubtedly, Russian presidency in BRICS in the current year and Kazan summit will be in the focus of discussion.
Trends in global development show the aspiration of many countries to strengthen sovereignty, more inclusive, fair, non-discriminatory forms of international economic relations, fatigue and rejection of the unipolar "rule-based world order". BRICS advocates the creation of institutions that are urgently needed, as well as the reform of existing institutions (Bretton Woods or Jamaican system) in such a way that the interests of developing countries are fully taken into account in their work. At the moment, it is impossible to speak of a completely fair structure of global economic institutions: as an example, the IMF, where the G7 countries account for 43 per cent of total quotas, while the BRICS account for only 17.4 per cent. Another 28 countries have already declared their aspirations to become members. The BRICS-10 plays a leading role in the world in the production and consumption of many commodity groups: hydrocarbons, food, steel, mineral fertilizers, nuclear energy, automobile and shipbuilding, launching spacecraft, etc.
There is still a lot of time left until the end of the Russian BRICS Chairmanship, so it is natural that many of the tasks that are being solved this year have not yet been finalized. However, we can already confidently say that 2024 will be a very fruitful year for the association. In particular, with regard to international payments. In March, the development of a payment system based on blockchain technology was announced. In essence, it will be an analogue of SWIFT, through which the BRICS countries will be able to settle accounts with each other in national currencies. Another important initiative in this direction is the BRICS Bridge digital payment and settlement system, which should contribute to the convergence of the financial markets of the BRICS member states. I would also like to recall that for Russia, the share of settlements in national currencies with BRICS partners has already reached 85 per cent, while two years ago the share was only 26 per cent. In addition, another priority in the financial track is to improve the mechanism of the BRICS Contingent Reserve Arrangement.
Other initiatives are also being worked on. For example, the Russian side has put forward a proposal to set up the BRICS Agrarian Exchange. Until July 1st the Russian Government has to provide for the establishment of an exchange where the BRICS countries will trade in agricultural products.
Regarding coordinated economic policies: yes, the BRICS countries reaffirm their commitment to macroeconomic policy coordination, this principle is enshrined in the BRICS Johannesburg Declaration of 2023.
However, BRICS does not have a common economic policy because it would contradict the core values of our association. BRICS recognizes that each country has its own unique interests and has the inalienable right to pursue sovereign economic policies.
It is only important to adhere to the basic principles supported by all BRICS countries: transparency, inclusiveness, non-discrimination. The success of this approach is evidenced by the figures: from 2017 to 2022, BRICS internal trade turnover grew by 56 per cent.
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