Abstract. Radical reduction in 2014 of the United States and International Security Assistance Force' military presence inAfghanistan is fraught with destabilization of the situation in Afghanistan as well as in the region as a whole. The presidential election in Afghanistan, the second round of which was held on 14 June 2014, exacerbated political crisis in the country. In view of the unpredictability of the political development in Afghanistan Central Asian states are facing new security challenges and threats. In the case of a negative scenario in Afghanistan with a splash of instability in the Central Asian region the main burden to counter these threats will be on Russia and the security structures that she patronizes, especially the Organization of Collective Security Treaty.