Abstract. Since 2020, ASEAN nations strengthened their positions on the high technology markets. Most important was development of the microelectronic industries of Singapore, Malaysia, and Vietnam. Multinational enterprises intensified their investments in local microelectronic facilities. National technology ecosystems are also developing fast. These effects were due to a combination of economic and geopolitical factors, as well as proactive public industrial and science and technology policies. However, rise of Singapore, Malaysia and Vietnam still face serious challenges. Infrastructural, institutional, and personnel constraints remain significant, as well as impediments for technology transfer from the most developed economies. In the long run the situation may be exacerbated by a fierce competition between three respective nations.