Abstract. The program of modernization of the American economy promoted by Washington is designed to help solve the problems of restoring and consolidating the sole technological leadership of the United States. The focus on self-sufficiency in strategic goods, reshoring and reformatting of supply chains with reliance on domestic production and countries allied to the US are aimed at returning the status of the «workshop of the world» to the United States. Structural reforms of the industrial sector are being implemented with unprecedented federal financial support and are aimed at developing critical innovation industries. Acting from a position of strength, Washington intends to weaken China as its main strategic competitor in the field of innovation and to slow down the development of Chinese science and technology. The confrontation with China requires Washington to divert significant material resources necessary to solve the ambitious tasks of implementing Biden’s «new green course». Nevertheless, the U.S. administration claims to be ready to safeguard U.S. national security interests without regard to negative consequences for economic growth.