Abstract. The agro-industrial sector (AIC) is one of the most significant from the point of view of the life support of the world’s population. Therefore, biological security in this area is an important aspect of the problem of modern biosafety in general. Taking into account the globalization of agricultural production, withdrawal from circulation of fungicides/bactericides of a wide spectrum of activity and global climate changes, the spread and increase in the harmfulness of phytopathogens in regions and on crops previously not exposed to largescale problems of such kind, the risks are increasing over the years. To ensure effective control associated with losses of agro-industrial complex from diseases of agricultural plants and animals, there are international projects on biological safety in the EU and North America. The creation of a high-tech national biological safety program in the agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation is long overdue — urgent measures should be taken to prevent possible biological threats of both — such as natural as well as potentially bioterroristic, and develop appropriate methods for eliminating their consequences and minimization of losses.