Abstract. In the past decades Brazil grew in power and influence as an energy producer and consumer both in regional and global arenas, having become an important player at international energy markets. Its privileged geographic location gives the country several advantages, such as a broad diversity of raw materials and energy sources: biofuels, hydropower and fossil fuel (especially petroleum and natural gas). At the same time, other sectors of the Brazilian economy have a strong influence on how the energy industry develops and organizes itself domestically and abroad. The article analyzes key issues of the Brazilian energy security and defines its agenda. Through this lens, structural factors and shapers of Brazil?s energy sector, including political influence, administration and regulation of its energy system, are explored.