
// Pathways to Peace and Security. 2019. No 1(56). P. 122-134
Abstract. The unprecedented pressure on Iran and on states that cooperate with Iran by the United States under the Trump administration, along with the U.S. withdrawal from the 2015 international agreement on the Iranian nuclear program, actualizes the issue of nuclear programs conducted by the Middle Eastern states for various, mainly energy-related, purposes. Political rivalries and confrontations between Middle Eastern states often prompt their leaders to consider ways for developing or acquiring nuclear weapons. The article discusses options for preventing proliferation of nuclear weapons across the region and promoting more effective confidence-building measures among Middle Eastern states. It also discusses prospects for reaching an agreement between external guarantors – the lead global nuclear powers.
Keywords: Middle East, nuclear programs, non-proliferation issues, nuclear energy, Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT), Nuclear-Weapon-Free Zone (NWFZ), Israel, Iran, Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), Saudi Arabia, international guarantees, United States, Russia, China, nuclear terrorism
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