Abstract. East Turkestan Islamic Movement (东突厥斯坦伊斯兰运动), also known as the Turkestan Islamic Party, is a militant-terrorist organization whose end goal is to create the fundamentalist Islamic state of East Turkestan within the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China. ETIM stood behind the high-profile terrorist attacks in China in 2013-2014. According to the Chinese MFA, ETIM “is the most relevant and realistic challenge to security in China”. This article analyzes the history of the organization, evolution of its ideology, as well as methods and tactics employed by the Uighur radicals at the present stage.