53Received 23.05.2024. Revised 17.06.2024. Accepted 01.07.2024.
Abstract. The article analyzes economic, scientific and technological profiles of the countries that became new BRICS members in 2024. The goal is to access perspectives of mutually beneficial collaboration for Russia and these countries in scientific and technological area aimed at achieving technological sustainability. Technological sustainability is an important factor for building technological sovereignty, which is the strategic goal set by the Russian government. These new BRICS countries are comparatively weak in terms of their scientific and technological potential. However, they are rapidly increasing their scientific productivity and have clear areas of specialization. Some of the new BRICS countries already have strong scientific ties with each other. In terms of expanding scientific cooperation, the new BRICS countries are of strategic interest because they have been steadily increasing their level of cooperation with the traditional BRICS countries. This shows that these countries are highly interested in cooperation. Technological area is studied based on data of high-tech export and import. The trade balance shows that Russia has a balanced trade position within the group, but is not among the leaders. China together accounts for more than 90% of Russia’s imports from the BRICS countries. However, diversification of supplies is important for Russia to improve its technological sustainability. Among the new BRICS partners and Russia, pharmaceuticals, scientific instruments, electronics and computer technology are in high demand. In terms of country priorities, cooperation with the African Union, which includes two new BRICS countries – Egypt and Ethiopia – is becoming rather promising. These countries could become a growing market for Russian companies in the field of medicine and pharmaceuticals. In addition, Russia can participate in the scientific expertise and development of Ethiopia’s technological capabilities in this area.
Keywords: technological sovereignty, technological sustainability, BRICS, S&T cooperation, high-tech goods, publication activity, productivity, scientific specialization
REFERENCES
1. Pei-Chun Lee, Ssu-Hua Chen, Yi-Siang Lin, Hsin-Ning Su. Toward a Better Understanding on Technological Resilience for Sustaining Industrial Development. IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 2019, vol. 66, iss. 3, pp. 398-411. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1109/TEM.2018.2837221
2. Edler J., Blind K., Kroll H., Schubert T. Technology Sovereignty as an Emerging Frame for Innovation Policy. Defining Rationales, Ends and Means. Research Policy, 2023, vol. 52, iss. 6, art. 104765. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2023.104765
3. March C., Schieferdecker I. Technological Sovereignty as Ability, Not Autarky. International Studies Review, 2023, vol. 25, iss. 2, art. via012. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1093/isr/viad012
4. Gareev T.R. Technological Sovereignty: From Conceptual Contradiction to Practical Implementation. Terra Economicus, 2023, vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 38-54. (In Russ.) Available at: https://doi.org/10.18522/2073-6606-2023-21-4-38-54
5. Kotsemir M. Dynamics of Russian and World Science through the Prism of International Publications. Foresight-Russia, 2012, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 38-58. (In Russ.) Available at: https://foresight-journal.hse.ru/issue/view/1314/1135 (accessed 21.05.2024).
6. Shashnov S., Kotsemir M. Research Landscape of the BRICS Countries: Current Trends in Research Output, Thematic Structures of Publications, and the Relative Influence of Partners. Scientometrics, 2018, vol. 117, pp. 1115-1155. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-018-2883-7
7. Sokolov A., Shashnov S., Kotsemir M. From BRICS to BRICS Plus: Selecting Promising Areas of S&T Cooperation with Developing Countries. Scientometrics, 2021, vol. 126, pp. 8815-8859. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-021-04142-3
8. Beskaravainaya E.V., Kharibina T.N. Prospects for Relations of Russia with the BRICS Countries in the Sphere of the Natural and Exact Sciences. Scientific and Technical Information Processing, 2023, vol. 50, pp. 121-128. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3103/S0147688223020065
9. Chun-Yao Tseng. Technological Innovation in the Bric Economies. Research-Technology Management, 2009, vol. 52, no. 2, pp. 29-35. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/08956308.2009.11657556
10. Kiselev V., Nechaeva E. Priorities and Possible Risks of the BRICS Countries’ Cooperation in Science, Technology and Innovation. BRICS Law Journal, 2018, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 33-60. Available at: https://doi.org/10.21684/2412-2343-2018-5-4-33-60
11. Astakhova M. Scientific Cooperation across the BRICS. BRICS Law Journal, 2020, vol. 7, no. 1, pp. 4-26. Available at: https://doi.org/10.21684/2412-2343-2020-7-1-4-26
12. Oleinik G.V. BRICS National Interests in Science and Technology Cooperation. Russian Foreign Economic Journal, 2023, no. 3, pp. 29-40. (In Russ.) Available at: https://doi.org/10.24412/2072-8042-2023-3-29-40
13. Dezhina I. BRICS Countries Possible Areas for Scientific Cooperation. World Eñonomy and International Relations, 2015, no. 9, pp. 14-23. (In Russ.) Available at: https://doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2015-9-14-23
14. Lissovolik Ya.D. BRICS-Plus: The New Force in Global Governance. Journal of International Analytics, 2023, vol. 14, no. 1, pp. 138-148. (In Russ.) Available at: https://doi.org/10.46272/2587-8476-2023-14-1-138-148
15. Sidorova E.A. The Innovation Development of the BRICS Countries: Preconditions and Prospects for Cooperation. International Organisations Research Journal, 2018, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 34-50. (In Russ.) Available at: https://doi.org/10.17323/1996-7845-2018-01-02
16. Rensburg I., Mot S., David S.A. Opportunities and Challenges for Research Collaboration among the BRICS Nations. Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education, 2015, vol. 45, iss. 5, pp. 814-818. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/03057925.2015.1074823
17. Lema R., Quadros R., Schmitz H. Reorganising Global Value Chains and Building Innovation Capabilities in Brazil and India. Research Policy, 2015, vol. 44, iss. 7, pp. 1376-1386. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2015.03.005
18. Gao Jixiang, Jiang Jing. Scientific, Technological and Innovation Cooperation between China and Russia in the New Era: Reshaping the Model and Choosing an Approach from the Perspective of Chinese Experts. Studies on Russian Economic Development, 2022, vol. 33, pp. 656-662. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1134/S1075700722060053
19. de Oliveira T.M., de Albuquerque S., Toth J.P., Bello D.Z. International Cooperation Networks of the BRICS bloc. SocArXiv b6x43, Center for Open Science, 2018.
20. Yaxin Wang. International Scientific Cooperation in the Arctic among the BRICS Countries. Administrative consulting, 2023, no. 3, pp. 131-139. (In Russ.) Available at: https://doi.org/10.22394/1726-1139-2023-3-131-139
21. Avdeeva O.A. China’s High-tech Exports in 2000–2020. Voprosy Ekonomiki, 2022, no. 6, pp. 126–143. (In Russ.) Available at: https://doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2022-6-126-143
22. Bing Lu, Jiandong Ju, Xinding Yu. National Concentration of High-tech Products: The Second Great Divergence? China & World Economy, 2023, vol. 31, iss. 1, pp. 88-118. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/cwe.12460
23. Changjun G., Kolesov V.P. The Potential of Mutual Trade between China and Russia in the Field of High-Tech Manufacturing Products. The World of the New Economy, 2022, vol. 16, no. 3, pp. 96-103. (In Russ.) Available at: https://doi.org/10.26794/2220-6469-2022-16-3-96-103
24. Izutina T.A. Russian High-Tech Exports to the EAEU and BRICS Countries and the Potential to Enter New Commodity Markets. International Trade and Trade Policy, 2022, vol. 8, no. 3, pp. 100-119. (In Russ.) Available at: https://doi.org/10.21686/2410-7395-2022-3-100-119
25. Spitsina D.V. Assessment of Russian High-Tech Export to BRICS and EAEU Countries. Vestnik Universiteta, 2023, no. 1, pp. 161-169. (In Russ.) Available at: https://doi.org/10.26425/1816-4277-2023-1-161-169
26. Chaturvedi S., Saha S., Shaw P. Trade in High Technology Products: Trends and Policy Imperatives for BRICS. RIS Discussion papers, 2016, no. 207. 45 p. Available at: https://www.ris.org.in/en/discussion-paper/high-technology-products (accessed 10.05.2024).
27. Gaulier G., Zignago S. BACI: International Trade Database at the Product-Level: The 1994–2007 Version. CEPII Working Paper, 2010, no. 2010-23. 35 p. Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1994500
28. King D. The Scientific Impact of Nations. Nature, 2004, no. 430, pp. 311-316. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1038/430311a
29. Moed H., Glänzel W., Schmoch U. Handbook of Quantitative Science and Technology Research. The Use of Publication and Patent Statistics in Studies of S&T Systems. Dordrecht, Springer, 2005. X, 800 p. Available at: https://doi.org/doi:10.1007/1-4020-2755-9
30. Abramova I.Î., Fituni L.L. Second Russia-Africa Summit: from the Legacy of Colonialism to Sovereignty and Development. World Economy and International Relations, 2023, vol. 67, no. 12, pp. 35-48. (In Russ.) Available at: https://doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2023-67-12-35-48
SOURCES
1. Status of Saudi Arabia in BRICS Turned to be Undefined. Vedomosti, 18.01.2024. (In Russ.) Available at: https://www.vedomosti.ru/politics/articles/2024/01/18/1015554-status-saudovskoi-aravii-v-briks-okazalsya-ne-opredelen (accessed 20.05.2024).
2. Concept of Technological Development of Russia for the Period up to 2030. Approved by the Order of the Government of the Russian Federation No. 1315‑r dated May 20, 2023. (In Russ.) Available at: http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/document/0001202305250050 (accessed 20.05.2024).
3. Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of February 28, 2024 No. 145 “On the Strategy of Scientific and Technological Development of the Russian Federation”. (In Russ.) Available at: http://publication.pravo.gov.ru/document/0001202402280003 (accessed 20.05.2024).
4. OECD Technology and Innovation Outlook 2023. Enabling Transitions in Times of Disruption. OECD Publishing, 2023. 230 p. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1787/0b55736e-en
5. United Arab Emirates – Country Commercial Guide. Trade Barriers. Official Website of the International Trade Administration, 26.07.2022. Available at: https://www.trade.gov/knowledge-product/united-arab-emirates-trade-barriers (accessed 20.05.2024).
6. Mohammed bin Rashid Chairs UAE Cabinet, Approves 24 National Initiatives to Double Re-export within 7 Years. WAM, 28.03.2023. Available at: https://wam.ae/en/details/1395303143217 (accessed 20.05.2024).
7. Revenues from the Operation of the Suez Canal in 2021 Amounted to about $7 Billion. Interfax, 08.07.2022. (In Russ.) Available at: https://www.interfax.ru/business/851262 (accessed 20.05.2024).
8. Science Indicators: 2024: Statistical Yearbook. Moscow, NRU HSE, 2024. 412 p. (In Russ.)
9. Science, Technology, and Innovation. UIS.Stat. Available at: http://data.uis.unesco.org/Index.aspx?queryid=115 (accessed 20.05.2024).
10. BACI (Base Analytique du Commerce International). CEPII. Available at: http://www.cepii.fr/CEPII/en/bdd_modele/bdd_modele_item.asp?id=37 (accessed 09.04.2024).
11. Standard International Trade Classification. Rev. 4. UN Statistics Division, 13.08.2008. Available at: https://unstats.un.org/unsd/trade/sitcrev4.htm (accessed 21.05.2024).
12. Russia and Ethiopia Signed an Agreement to Establish a Joint Center for Biological Research. Ministry of Education and Science, 27.07.2023. (In Russ.) Available at: https://minobrnauki.gov.ru/press-center/news/mezhdunarodnoe-sotrudnichestvo/71096/ (accessed 20.05.2024).
No comments