133Received 18.03.2024. Revised 20.05.2024. Accepted 03.06.2024.
Abstract. The article examines the specific features of Swiss regional strategy. The influence of federalism characterized by certain symmetry with equal status of regions in relations with central government is analyzed. The author uses system, structural and functional methods, comparative and historical analysis in the study of power distribution between center and regions and its particular features at all levels of power in Switzerland. The Federal Government and cantons promote the application of ideas and projects for strengthening regional economies in line with the needs of each region. Special attention is paid to the formation process of regional strategy taking into account power decentralization, principle of direct democracy and challenges of globalization. The specific territorial structure of Confederation and the governance system “from bottom to top”, multinational society, broad autonomy of cantons, its niche orientation which requires inter-cantonal cooperation – all these factors determine the main guidelines of Swiss regional policy. Scientific novelty lies in determination of these factors. The New regional policy (NRP) adopted in 2008 focuses primarily on mountain, rural and border regions and has intentionally been designed to be flexible. Its second funding period was devoted to regional innovation and structural transformation of the tourism industry. The detailed investigation realized by the author allows to estimate the formation stages of Swiss regional policy, its strategic goals, economic effects and the current state, so it may be useful for regional development in Russia including implementation of innovations in regions.
Keywords: regional strategy and policy, Swiss federalism, subsidiarity, autonomy, legislative framework, institutional structure, globalization, new regional policy
REFERENCES
1. Fédéralisme et compétitivité en Suisse: résumé de l’étude réalisée par lars P. Feld et Christoph A. Schaltegger pour le le compte de la Fondation ch pour la collaboration confédérale et de l’Union des Banques cantonales suisses. Berne, 2017. 26 р. Available at: https://edudoc.ch/record/128301 (accessed 12.02.2023).
2. Shaikhutdinova G.R. Regionalism and Distribution of Powers in Federal States. Public Administration Issues, 2016, no. 5, pр. 138-149. Available at: http://doi.org/10.17323/1999-5431-2016-0-5-138-149
3. Hofer E. Federalism and Neutrality of Switzerland – Yesterday and Today. Contemporary Europe, 2006, no. 2, pp. 54-61. (In Russ.) Available at: https://rusneb.ru/catalog/000202_000005_586851/?ysclid=lw9c7xd2ju624751355 (accessed 12.02.2023).
4. Trofimova O.E. Economy of Switzerland: Phenomenon of a “Special Path”. Moscow, IMEMO, 2022. 137 p. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.20542/978-5-9535-0586-4
5. Plotnikova N.V. Contemporary Development Trends of Ethno-Political Proсesses in Federal Switzerland. Lomonosov World Politics Journal. Serie 25. International Relations and World Policy, 2009, no. 1, pp. 87-103. (In Russ.) Available at: https://fmp.msu.ru/attachments/article/268/PLOTNIKOVA_1_2009.pdf?ysclid=lw9chduwj5474087697 (accessed 12.02.2023).
6. Altermatt U. Ethnonationalism in Europe. Moscow, Press Centre of RSUH, 2000. 366 p. (In Russ.)
7. Laskovets S.V., Aksenova I.D. The Strategy of Territorial Development (on the Example of Switzerland). Social-Economic Phenomena and Processes, 2019, vol. 14, no. 105, pp. 74-87. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.20310/1819-8813-2019-14105-74-87
8. Akimova V.V., Zemtsov S.P., Michaylov A.A., Semyonova R.I. Factors of Regional Development: Theory, Empirics, Role of Entrepreneurship. Moscow, RANEPA, 2021. 60 p. (In Russ.)
9. Polyanin A.V. Theories of the Allocation of Productive Forces and Regional Economy. Ekonomika i upravlenie, 2011, no. 5 (67), pp. 51-53. (In Russ.) Available at: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/teorii-razmescheniya-proizvoditelnyh-sil-i-ekonomika-regionov/viewer (accessed 12.02.2023).
10. Kiriyakova N.I. The Model of the Equilibrium of L. Valras: History and Modernity. International Scientific Review, 2016, no. 2 (12), pp. 93-97. (In Russ.) Available at: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Модель-равновесия-Л.-Вальраса%3A-история-и-Иосифовна/7ca3bc34f8990bec1537ca21964739e083176359 (accessed 12.02.2023).
11. Shvetsov A.N. System-Wide and Selective Government Regional Policy. Problemnyi analiz i gosudarstvenno-upravlencheskoe proektirovanie, 2009, iss. 2, pp. 38-50. (In Russ.) Available at: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/obschesistemnaya-i-selektivnaya-gosudarstvennaya-regionalnaya-politika/viewer (accessed 12.02.2023).
12. Porter M.E. The Economic Performance of Regions. Regional Studies, August/October 2003, vol. 37, iss. 6–7, pp. 549-578. Available at: https://www.academia.edu/2917967/The_economic_performance_of_regions (accessed 12.02.2023).
13. Gugler Ph., Keller M. The Economic Performances of Swiss Regions. Indicators of Economic Performance, Composition of Cantonal Economies and Clusters of Traded Industries. Université de Fribourg, 2009. 39 p.
14. Willi Y., Putz M. Governance of Regional Development: How Can Regions Unlock Their Potential. Swiss Academies Factsheets, 2018, no. 13 (3). 6 p. DOI: 10.1080/13673882.2018.00001040
15. Debela K.W. Local Governance in Switzerland: Adequate Municipal Autonomy Cuminintergovernmental Cooperation? Cogent Social Science, 2020, vol. 6:1763889. 17 p. DOI: 10.1080/23311886.2020.1763889
16. Wittwer S., Sager F., Huegli E. Rediscovering Top-Down Implementation: How Sabatier and Mazmanian`s Implementation Framework Helps to Explain Target Group Compliance in Swiss Regional Policy. Syngapore, Draft Paper, 2017. 26 p.
17. Dubrovina O.Yu. Switzerland: the Delimitation of Powers between the Confederation and the Cantons in the Field of International Relations. Contemporary Europe, 2019, no. 1, pp. 70-79. (In Russ.) Available at: http://dx.doi.org/10.15211/soveurope120197079
18. Nayman E.А. Formation of the Concept of “Learning Region” in Western Science. Bulletin of Tomsk state university, 2013, no. 1 (9), pp. 81-91. (In Russ.) Available at: https://journals.tsu.ru/uploads/import/891/files/09-081.pdf (accessed 01.02.2023).
19. Alter R. Innovation as Driver of Regional Development: the OECD Territorial Review of Switzerland. 21.01.2011. Available at: https://www.newsd.admin.ch/newsd/message/attachments/21892.pdf (accessed 01.02.2023).
SOURCES
1. Switzerland. OECD Regional Outlook 2023. Country Profile. Paris, OECD, 2023. Available at: https://oecd-cfe-eds.github.io/ro2023-country-pages/tl3-che.html (accessed 01.02.2023).
2. Swiss Fact: Nearly 50% of Swiss GDP Comes from 4 Cantons. 16.01.2018. Available at: https://snbchf.com/2018/01/investec-swiss-50-swiss-gdp-4-cantons/ (accessed 12.02.2023).
3. Regional Development Policies in OECD Countries. Paris, OECD, 2010. 384 p. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1787/9789264087255-en
4. Switzerland. Country and Territory Profiles. The OECD/UCLG World Observatory on Subnational Government Finance and Investment (SNG-WOFI). 2022. Available at: https://www.sng-wofi.org/country-profiles/switzerland.html (accessed 12.02.2023).
5. Botschaft zur Standortförderung 2020–2023 vom 20. Februarу 2019. Available at: https://www.seco.admin.ch/seco/fr/home/Standortfoerderung/botschaft_standortfoerderung/Botschaft_zur_Standortfoerderung2020-2023.html (accessed 12.02.2023).
6. Message sur la promotion économique pour les années 2024–2027. Available at: https://www.seco.admin.ch/seco/fr/home/Standortfoerderung/botschaft_standortfoerderung/Botschaft_zur_Standortfoerderung_2024-2027.html (accessed 12.02.2023).
7. Тhe New Regional Policy of the Federal Government. Supporting the Regions. Bern, 2017. 24 p. Available at: https://www.theark.ch/media/document/0/seco-nrp-broschure-en.pdf (accessed 12.02.2023).
8. New Regional Policy in Switzerland – Сhallenges and Оpportunities. 18.10.2022. Available at: at: https://www.cred.unibe.ch/unibe/portal/fak_wiso/wiso_kzen/cred/content/e54603/e274780/e918207/e1261484/2210_FlyerCREDlectureseries_SECO_ger.pdf (accessed 02.02.2023).
9. Interreg A – Cross-border Cooperation. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/policy/cooperation/european-territorial/cross-border_en (accessed 02.02.2023).
10. La compétitivité des grandes régions Suisse: une nouvelle série d`articles. 11.02.2015. Available at: https://dievolkswirtschaft.ch/fr/2015/02/eichler-bakbasel-2/ (accessed 12.02.2023).
No comments