72Received 28.03.2024. Revised 19.05.2024. Accepted 29.07.2024.
Abstract. The paper concentrates on a complex analysis of Eurasian integration processes in the context of the Eurasian Economic Union and Greater Eurasian Partnership. The authors pay special attention to the latest trends in the development of trade and economic ties as well as sociocultural relations. Special emphasis is put on the impact of sanctions upon the cooperation between the EAEU member-states. The paper lays a foundation for the concept of a symmetrical integration based on balancing economic and sociocultural dimensions of transnational relations within the EAEU. A conclusion is made that building scientific and technological alliance on the platform of the EAEU constitutes a promising direction for strategic development.
Keywords: Eurasian integration, Eurasian Economic Union, Greater Eurasian Partnership, sanctions, sociocultural cooperation, EAEU, CIS, scientific and technological cooperation
REFERENCES
1. Torkunov A.V., Streltsov D.V. Russian policy of turning to the East: problems and risks. World Economy and Internationals Relations, 2023, vol. 67, no. 4, pp. 5-16. (In Russ.) Available at: https://doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2023-67-4-5-16
2. Konoplyanik A.A. Consolidation of Eurasia. Vedomosti, 20.03.2023. (In Russ.)
3. Spartak A.N. Reshaping Russia’s International Economic Cooperation amid Sanctions and New Challenges. Russian Foreign Economic Journal, 2024, no. 4, pp. 9-35. (In Russ.) Available at: https://journal.vavt.ru/rfej/article/view/144 (accessed 27.07.2024).
4. Myasnikovich M.V., Kovalev V.S. New pages of integration in the Eurasian Economic Union. Russia in Global Affairs, 2023, vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 207-218. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.31278/1810-6439-2023-21-2-207-218
5. Vardomskiy L.B. Balancing between geopolitics and economics: the development of international transit in the USSR and Russia. Geoeconomics of Energetics, 2021, no. 1, pp. 24-42. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.48137/2687-0703_2021_13_1_24
6. Kheyfets B.A. À new model of international economic integration. Moscow, Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2023. 48 p. (In Russ.) Available at: https://www.inecon.org/docs/2023/Kheyfets_paper_2023.pdf (accessed 18.07.2024).
7. Tochin A.V., Pyzhikov N.S., Chimiris E.S., Kachurovsky Ê.E., Zhivalov V.N. Assessment of Impact of Trade and Economic Cooperation of Kazakhstan with Russia, EAEU Countries and Third Countries on Development of Integration Processes of EAEU. Humanities and Social Sciences. Bulletin of the Financial University, 2022, vol. 12, no. 5, pp. 114-126. (In Russ.) Available at: https://doi.org/10.26794/2226-7867-2022-12-5-114-126
8. Kamysheva S.Yu., ed. The index of the position of the Russian language in the world: the index of global competitiveness. Iss. 3. Moscow, The Pushkin State Institute of the Russian Language, 2023. 70 p. Available at: https://e-cis.info/upload/iblock/469/6k2vm78411log4qtxhy5uw03croznpqp.pdf (accessed 18.07.2024).
9. Osadchii M.A., ed. The index of the position of the Russian language in the world: the index of global competitiveness. Iss. 2. Moscow, Pushkin State Institute of the Russian Language, 2022. 60 p. (In Russ.) Available at: https://cis.minsk.by/img/news/24669/63bfff90826a3.pdf (accessed 18.07.2024).
10. Ju Ch., Yun S.M. The policy of the higher education internationalization in China and the development of educational cooperation between China and Uzbekistan. Tomsk State University Journal, 2022, no. 482, pp. 113-124. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.17223/15617793/482/12
11. Vinokurov E., ed. Economic cooperation in Eurasia: Practical solutions. Reports and working papers. Eurasian Development Bank, 2024. 43 p. (In Russ.)
12. Dadabaeva Z.A. Climate change and water problems of Central Asia in the XXI century: risks of disintegration. Geoeconomics of Energetics, 2023, no. 3, pp. 100-119. (In Russ.) Available at: https://doi.org/10.48137/26870703_2023_23_3_100
13. Shumilin A.G. Promising directions and expected results of innovative development within the framework of the EAEU. Myasnikovich M.V., ed. Strategic directions for the development of Eurasian economic integration in the context of global challenges. Institute of Economics of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, EEC. Minsk, Belarusian science, 2022, pp. 204-232. (In Russ.)
14. Shirov A.A., Belousov D.R., Khusainov B.D., Sandoyan E.M. Integration of the EAEU countries in production and scientific and technological: problems and solutions. Myasnikovich M.V., ed. Strategic directions for the development of Eurasian economic integration in the context of global challenges. Institute of Economics of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, EEC. Minsk, Belarusian science, 2022, pp. 233-246. (In Russ.)
15. Dynkin A.A., Telegina E.A., Khalova G.O. The role of the Eurasian Economic Union in the formation of Great Eurasia. World Economy and International Relations, 2018, vol. 62, no. 4, pp. 5-24. (In Russ.) Available at: https://doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2018-62-4-5-24
SOURCES
1. Putin said that Russia is at the forefront of creating a just world order. TASS, 22.11.2023. (In Russ.) Available at: https://tass.ru/politika/19400967 (accessed 01.02.2024).
2. Vladimir Putin’s speech at the session of the Supreme Eurasian Economic Council. 23.05.2023. (In Russ.) Available at: http://kremlin.ru/events/president/news/71204 (accessed 17.03.2024).
3. The Concept of the Foreign Policy of the Russian Federation (approved by the President of the Russian Federation V.V. Putin on March 31, 2023). (In Russ.) Available at: https://mid.ru/ru/foreign_policy/official_documents/1860586/ (accessed 17.03.2024).
4. Information report “Eurasian Economic Integration”. Moscow, 2023. (In Russ.) Available at: http://government.ru/news/49224/ (accessed 17.03.2024).
5. Lukashenko proposed to develop the EAEU market in response to the sanctions. Kommersant, 11.03.2022. (In Russ.) Available at: https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/5251697 (accessed 01.03.2024).
6. Moscow estimated the trade turnover between Russia and Belarus in 2022 at $43.4 billion. TASS, 14.02.2023. (In Russ.) Available at: https://tass.ru/ekonomika/17043377 (accessed 01.02.2024).
7. Trade turnover between Belarus and Russia reached $53 billion in 2023. TASS, 09.02.2024. (In Russ.) Available at: https://tass.ru/ekonomika/19947005 (accessed 01.03.2024).
8. Statistical Committee of the Republic of Armenia. (In Russ.) Available at: https://armstat.am/ru/ (accessed 01.02.2024).
9. National Statistical Committee of the Republic of Belarus. (In Russ.) Available at: https://www.belstat.gov.by/ (accessed 01.02.2024).
10. Bureau of National Statistics of the Agency for Strategic Planning and Reforms of the Republic of Kazakhstan. (In Russ.) Available at: https://stat.gov.kz/ru/ (accessed 14.07.2024).
11. National Statistical Committee of the Kyrgyz Republic. (In Russ.) Available at: https://www.stat.kg/ru/ (accessed 14.07.2024).
12. National Bureau of Statistics of the Republic of Moldova. (In Russ.) Available at: https://statistica.gov.md/ru (accessed 14.07.2024).
13. Agency of Statistics under the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan. (In Russ.) Available at: https://www.stat.uz/ru/ (accessed 14.07.2024).
14. Growth of 25 times in 5 years: UTLC ERA is optimistic about the future of China–Europe transportation. UTLC ERA, 23.02.2023. (In Russ.) Available at: https://www.utlc.com/press-center/detail/rost-v-25-raz-za-5-let/ (accessed 01.03.2024).
15. Exclusive interview with the General Director of JSC “UTLC ERA”. UTLC ERA, 21.07.2023. (In Russ.) Available at: https://www.utlc.com/press-center/detail/eksklyuzivnoe-intervyu-generalnogo-direktora-ao-otlk-era-9-iz-10-konteynerov-sleduyushchikh-po-zhele/ (accessed 01.02.2024).
16. “Our European customers will be coming back”. Kommersant, 20.12.2022. (In Russ.) Available at: https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/5733902 (accessed 01.02.2024).
17. Russia proposes to create a single operator of the North-South corridor with Iran and Azerbaijan. Vedomosti, 28.10.2022. (In Russ.) Available at: https://www.vedomosti.ru/business/articles/2022/10/28/947955-rossiya-predlagaet-edinogo-operatora (accessed 01.02.2024).
18. The trade turnover between Belarus and China reached $5.8 billion in 2022. Belarus Segodnya, 18.03.2023. (In Russ.) Available at: https://www.sb.by/articles/bolshie-perspektivy-vostochnogo-partnerstva.html (accessed 02.03.2024).
19. The trade turnover between Belarus and China has increased by 97% since the beginning of the year. TASS, 25.09.2023. (In Russ.) Available at: https://tass.ru/ekonomika/18838925 (accessed 01.02.2024).
20. Monitoring of mutual investments of the EDB – 2023. Eurasian Development Bank, 2024. (In Russ.) Available at: https://eabr.org/upload/iblock/82b/EDB_2023_Report-5_Monitoring-of-Mutual-Investments_rus.pdf (accessed 01.02.2024).
21. Kazakhstan cannot be bypassed with money. Kommersant, 19.12.2023. (In Russ.) Available at: https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/6411272 (accessed 01.03.2024).
22. Money transfers (international and domestic). National Bank of Kazakhstan, 2024. (In Russ.) Available at: https://www.nationalbank.kz/ru/news/perevody-mezhdunarodnye-i-vnutristranovye/rubrics/1802 (accessed 01.02.2024).
23. Money transfers from Russia to Central Asian countries have reached a record. Sputnik, 28.01.2023. (In Russ.) Available at: https://tj.sputniknews.ru/20230128/denezhnye-perevody-russia-central-asia-rekord-1054554193.html (accessed 01.02.2024).
24. Money transfers from Russia to Kyrgyzstan reached $2.78 billion in 2022. Interfax, 25.04.2023. (In Russ.) Available at: https://www.interfax.ru/business/897658 (accessed 01.02.2024).
25. Cooperation between China and Central Asian countries in numbers. Xinhua News, 17.05.2023. (In Russ.) Available at: https://russian.news.cn/20230517/cf9102fdc6bb4de7b2498f100df1f3ac/c.html (accessed 05.02.2024).
26. The Ministry of Education and Science reported that more than 280 thousand students from Asia study in Russia. TASS, 11.09.2023. (In Russ.) Available at: https://tass.ru/obschestvo/18704713 (accessed 02.03.2024).
27. China’s educational projects as a tool of soft power in Kazakhstan. Cabar, 22.06.2023. (In Russ.) Available at: https://cabar.asia/ru/obrazovatelnye-proekty-kitaya-kak-instrument-myagkoj-sily-v-kazahstane (accessed 15.02.2024).
28. Statistical Yearbook of the Eurasian Economic Union. Eurasian Economic Commission, 2022. (In Russ.) Available at: https://eec.eaeunion.org/upload/files/dep_stat/econstat/statpub/Stat_Yearbook_2022.pdf (accessed 15.02.2024).
29. Competitive Industrial Performance Index (CIP). UN IDO. Available at: https://stat.unido.org/cip/ (accessed 01.02.2024).
30. Global Innovation Index 2023: Innovation in the face of uncertainty. World Intellectual Property Organization, 2023. Available at: https://www.wipo.int/edocs/pubdocs/en/wipo-pub-2000-2023-en-main-report-global-innovation-index-2023-16th-edition.pdf (accessed 01.02.2024).
31. The Concept of Technological Development of the Russian Federation until 2030 (approved by the Government jn May 20, 2023). (In Russ.) Available at: http://government.ru/news/48570/ (accessed 02.03.2024).
32. Mishustin named the priorities of IT development in Russia. TASS, 02.02.2024. (In Russ.) Available at: https://tass.ru/ekonomika/19882405 (accessed 01.03.2024).
No comments