Received 28.01.2021.
Abstract. The article is devoted to the analysis of the confrontation between USA and China in the field of advanced technologies in Europe. On the example of the leading Chinese technological transnational company (TNC) Huawei which is the world leader in the development and deployment of advanced telecommunications networks of the fifth generation 5G it is shown that the confrontation between the US and China in the field of technology is a manifestation of intense competition at the interstate level that will increase. It is shown that the policy and increasingly tough US measures do not meet understanding and support from the many countries and this is clearly seen in Europe, which today is the main market for technological products of US and China and therefor has become the main arena of confrontation between them. The key EU countries in their evaluations and approach to cooperation with Huawei are guided primarily by their economic interests and put into practice a balanced and pragmatic approach. Amid tougher American sanctions and increasing political and economic pressure Chinese TNC Huawei maintained its position in the European market considering it as a strategic asset and alternative to the closed US market. An important factor in strengthening positions of Chinese companies in Europe would be implementation of EU-China Comprehensive Agreement on Investments.
Keywords: China, USA, Europe, EU, trade war, investments, technological confrontation, sanctions, Huawei, 5G
REFERENCES
- Summary of the 2018 National Defense Strategy of the United States of America. Available at: https://dod.defense.gov/Portals/1/Documents/pubs/2018-National-Defense-Strategy-Summary.pdf (accessed 10.05.2019).
- Research on the prospects of Sino-American technological competition – Changing industry priorities, conflicts and rebalancing as result of global technological innovation (In Chin.) Available at: https://www.sohu.com/a/400990785_152590 (accessed 28.01.2020).
- Challenges and breakthroughs of China’s information industry from the angle of innovation ecology – Lessons from US sanctions against Huawei (In Chin.) Available at: https://kns.cnki.net/KCMS/detail/detail.aspx?dbcode=CJFD&filename=XBZG202001010 (accessed 14.04.2020).
- International trade in goods in 2018. A Third of EU Trade is with the United States and China. Eurostat News Release, 2019. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/2995521/9678910/6-20032019-AP-EN.pdf/0ebd7878-dad5-478e-a5f0-3ae2c91f7ea3 (accessed 15.05.2020).
- Duke S. “Huawei”: Evropa otstaet v razvitii 5G tekhnologii [“Huawei”: Europe is lagging behind in the development of 5G technologies]. InoSMI, 26.04.2019. Available at: https://inosmi.ru/politic/20190426/245004267.html (accessed 28.04.2019).
- Security Threats Connected with the Rising Chinese Technological Presence in the EU and Possible Action on the EU Level to Reduce Them. European Parliament, March 12, 2019. Available at: https://www.europarl.europa.eu/doceo/document/TA-8-2019-0156_EN.html (accessed 19.05.2019).
- Recommendation on Cybersecurity of 5G Networks. European Commission, March 26, 2019. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/digital-single-market/en/news/cybersecurity-5G-networks (accessed 25.05.2019).
- UK bans Huawei to create 5G networks in the country until 2027. Interfaks, 14.07.2020. (In Russ.) Available at: https://www.interfax.ru/world/717324 (accessed 16.05.2019).
- Kokbern P. Independent (Velikobritaniya): Britaniya i SShA nachinayut novuyu kholodnuyu voinu s Rossiei i Kitaem – chto zhe eti strany pytayutsya skryt’? [The Independent: Britain and the USA start new Cold War with Russia and China]. InoSMI, 18.07.2020. Available at: https://inosmi.ru/politic/20200718/247775858.html (accessed 19.05.2019).
- UK Asks Japan for Help with 5G as Alternative to Huawei. Nikkei Asian Review, 18.07.2020. Available at: https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Telecommunication/UK-asks-Japan-for-help-with-5G-as-alternative-to-Huawei (accessed 19.05.2019).
- Sun-sook Park. The View from Seoul: how the US Huawei Ban Highlights the Risk of 5G. Global Asia, September 2019, vol. 14, no. 3, ð. 26.
- France will not ban the use of Huawei equipment in the construction of 5G networks]. Kommersant, 06.07.2020. (In Russ.) Available at: https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/4406516?query=Huawei (accessed 10.07.2020).
- Dobrov D. V otnosheniyakh Kitaya i Evrosoyuza nazrevaet krizis [Crisis is brewing in relations between China and the European Union]. InoSMI, 09.09.2020. Available at: https://inosmi.ru/politic/20200909/248086827.html (accessed 12.09.2020).
- German Interior Minister opposes Huawei’s exclusion from 5G construction. Xinhua, 19.01.2020. (In Russ.) Available at: http://russian.news.cn/2020-01/19/c_138716350.htm (accessed 12.02.2020).
- Esioka K. Asakhi simbun (Yaponiya): Kitai stroit v Vengrii zheleznuyu dorogu po kontraktu, kotoryi zasekrechen na desyat’ let [China is building a railway in Hungary under contract that classified for ten years]. InoSMI, 27.12.2020. Available at: https://inosmi.ru/politic/20201227/248824420.html (accessed 30.01.2021).
- Khinsho D., Vu S. Wall Street Journal (SShA): amerikanskaya kampaniya protiv Huawei stalkivaetsya s problemami v Vostochnoi Evrope [Wall Street Journal (USA): American campaign against Huawei faces problems in Eastern Europe]. InoSMI, 02.11.2019. Available at: https://inosmi.ru/politic/20190211/244551970.html (accessed 27.01.2020).
- Serbian Prime Minister expressed readiness to develop cooperation with Huawei in various fields. Xinhua, 15.09.2020. (In Russ.) Available at: http://russian.news.cn/2020-09/15/c_139369473.htm (accessed 27.11.2020).
- Ma Li. Analysis of political risks for the international promotion of 5G in the face of Sino-American competition. Journal of Contemporary Asia Pacific Studies (Bimonthly), 2020, April 29, vol. 1, p. 158 (In Chin.)
- Media learned about large-scale cuts in the American division of Huawei. RIA Novosti, 23.07.2019. (In Russ.) Available at: https://ria.ru/20190723/1556785628.html (accessed 25.07.2019).
- Huawei is about to sell a license for 5G technology to an American company. Interfaks, 26.09.2019. (In Russ.) Available at: https://www.interfax.ru/business/678108 (accessed 12.10.2019).
- Huawei increased revenue in the 1st half of the year despite US sanktions. Interfaks, 30.07.2019. (In Russ.) Available at: https://www.interfax.ru/business/670914 (accessed 21.09.2019).
- Huawei introduced its own operating system. RIA, 09.08.2019. (In Russ.) Available at: https://ria.ru/20190809/1557335885.html?in=t (accessed 12.08.2019).
- Aurora’s Shot – Putin Declares War. Inforus, 12.06.2019. (In Russ.) Available at: https://inforuss.info/vystrel-avrory-putin/?q=FB/index6.php (accessed 13.06.2019).
- Tramp discussed with the heads of Google. Intel and Cisco the situation around Huawei. RIA Novosti, 23.07.2019. (In Russ.) Available at: https://ria.ru/20190723/1556783769.html (accessed 24.07.2019).
- Apple overtook Samsung in semiconductor purchases. Interfaks, 11.02.2020. (In Russ.) Available at: https://www.interfax.ru/world/694899 (accessed 15.02.2020).
- Korostikov M. Sverkhderzhavy meryayutsya mikrochipami [Superpowers are measuring by microchips. Kommersant, 17.08.2019. (In Russ.) Available at: https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/4050020?from=doc_vrez#id_illustration_01 (accessed 25.10.2019).
- China implements incentive policies for the development of IC and software industries. Xinhua, 05.08.2020. (In Russ.) Available at: http://russian.news.cn/2020-08/05/c_139266825.htm (accessed 22.08.2020).
- Huawei is confident it can defend against US sanctions in 2020 – company founder. Xinhua, 22.01.2020. (In Russ.) Available at: http://russian.news.cn/2020-01/22/c_138724739.htm (accessed 25.10.2020).
- Huawei revenue grew by 18% in 2019. Xinhua, 25.02.2020. (In Russ.) Available at: http://russian.news.cn/2020-02/25/c_138816907.htm (accessed 04.03.2020).
- Huawei Releases its 2019 Annual Report. Huawei, 31.03.2020. Available at: https://www.huawei.com/en/news/2020/3/Huawei-2019-annual-report (accessed 03.04.2020).
- Huawei wins 91 5G commercial contracts, more than half in Europe. Xinhua, 22.02.2020. (In Russ.) Available at: http://russian.news.cn/2020-02/22/c_138807942.htm (accessed 25.02.2020).
- Huawei ups Europe Play with 5G Factory. Mobileworldlive, 28.02.2020. Available at: https://www.mobileworldlive.com/featured-content/top-three/Huawei-ups-europe-play-with-5G-factory (accessed 10.03.2020).
- Dobrov D. Evrosoyuz zaklyuchil vazhneishee ekonomicheskoe soglashenie s Kitaem vopreki pozitsii SShA [The European Union has concluded a major economic agreement with China in defiance of the U.S. position.] InoSMI, 11.01.2021. (In Russ.) Available at: https://inosmi.ru/politic/20210111/248883431.html (accessed 15.01.2021).
- Huawei returned more than 90% of employees to work. Interfax, 26.03.2020. (In Russ.) Available at: https://www.interfax.ru/business/700984 (accessed 05.04.2020).
Registered in System SCIENCE INDEX
No comments