Print

Second Century of the Communist Party of China and New Bipolarity

137
Rubric: China: Domestic and Foreign Policies
DOI: 10.20542/0131-2227-2021-65-7-25-33
V. Mikheev (mikheev@imemo.ru), 
Primakov National Research Institute of World Economy and International Relations, Russian Academy of Sciences (IMEMO), 23, Profsoyuznaya Str., Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation;
S. Lukonin (sergeylukonin@mail.ru), 
Primakov National Research Institute of World Economy and International Relations, Russian Academy of Sciences (IMEMO), 23, Profsoyuznaya Str., Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation
PDF (RUS)

Received 16.04.2021.

Abstract. Linking the 100th anniversary of the CPC, celebrated in 2021, with long-term goals, the Chinese leadership is talking about the country’s entry into the next stage of development – the stage of the “second century of the CPC.” The 14th plan for the socio-economic development of the country for 2021–2025, adopted in March 2021 and long-range objectives through 2035 are seen as the first steps in a new round of China’s evolution. According to the Chinese leadership, the goals of the first century have been largely achieved. Now China faces more ambitious tasks: 1) achieve socialist modernization by 2035, doubling its GDP per capita to the level of an average developed country; 2) to reach the German or Japanese level of industrial and innovative development by 2050; 3) to ensure the innovative and scientific and technological self-sufficiency of China in order to get away from the current technological dependence on the United States and the West in general, which, in the opinion of the Chinese leadership, poses a threat to the national security of the PRC; 4) to create by 2027 (100th anniversary of the PLA) a strong modern army; 5) Ensure China’s global leadership by the 100th anniversary of the founding of the PRC in 2049. The peculiarities of the new 14th five-year plan include the absence of targets for GDP growth rates for 2021–2025. The benchmark will now be set every year. For example, for 2021, this indicator is set in the highly redundant formulation “6 percent or more”. Beijing records the nearing transition from quantitative planning to qualitative planning. The aggravation of relations between China and the United States under the Biden administration and Beijing’s retaliatory, in a new way, actions in almost all areas, from ideology to security and defense, in the near future will change the global balance of power and lead to the formation of a “new bipolarity” implying in the context of globalization, that in addition to the two new planetary “poles” in the world, regional and subregional centers of power will persist and develop, forming, as saying in China, modern “polycentricity”. Against such a background, the “new bipolarity” will be characterized not only by a direct clash of Chinese and American interests, but also by a struggle for dominance, influence, and alliance with the leaders of the “polycentric world.” Within the framework of the “new bipolarity”, the United States is strengthening relations with allies, opposing the “democratic economy” of the West to the “authoritarianism of China”. The concept of financing by the West of the world transport infrastructure of a “democratic sense” as opposed to the “authoritarian” Chinese “Belt and Road” is put forward. In the reciprocal steps of China to attract partners to the “Chinese pole”, the main place is given to Russia, relations with which are characterized as “exemplary” for the whole world. At the same time, there is an opinion among Chinese experts that “excessive rapprochement” with Russia is unprofitable for China, since for Russia, as well as for the United States, China is not only a partner, but also a “strategic competitor.” China has become the main Russian trade and economic partner, in many directions it has turned into an uncontested supplier. At the same time, the “Sino-Russian Comprehensive Partnership in a New Era” contains many tactical and long-term problems. 

Keywords: world economy, international relations, China, foreign policy, new stage of development, centenary of the Chinese communist party, Russian-Chinese relations


REFERENCES

  1. Report on the work of the Government. Russian.people.cn, 16.03.2021 (In Russ.) Available at: http://russian.people.com.cn/n3/2021/0316/c31521-9829090-8.html (accessed 17.03.2021).
  2. China’s GDP tops 100 trln yuan in 2020. Xinhuanet, 18.01.2021. Available at: http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2021-01/18/c_139677413.htm (accessed 19.01.2021).
  3. Chinese Dream (Guiding ideology proposed by Xi Jinping). Baike. baidu.com. (In Chin.) Available at: https://baike.baidu.com/item/中国梦/60483 (accessed 05.01.2021).
  4. Lee A. China debt: how big is it and who owns it? SCMP, 19.05.2020. Available at: https://www.scmp.com/economy/china-economy/article/3084979/china-debt-how-big-it-who-owns-it-and-what-next (accessed 10.03.2021).
  5. UPDATE1-China to increase SME loans from big banks by 30% in 2021. Reuters, 05.03.2021. Available at: https://www.reuters.com/article/china-parliament-finance-idUSL2N2L304Y (accessed 10.04.2021).
  6. China to explore immigration policy to attract foreign talents. Xinhuanet, 05.03.2021. Available at: http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2021-03/05/c_139786738.htm (accessed 10.04.2021).
  7. Gardner T., Volcovici V. Biden budget’s $14 bln hike for climate includes big boosts for EPA, science. Reuters, 10.04.2021. Available at: https://www.reuters.com/world/us/biden-budgets-14-bln-hike-climate-includes-big-boosts-epa-science-2021-04-09 (accessed 15.04.2021).
  8. EU-China Investment Deal in Doubt, Businesses Caught in Geopolitical Crossfire. China-briefing.com, 26.03.2021. Available at: https://www.china-briefing.com/news/eu-china-investment-deal-in-doubt-businesses-caught-in-geopolitical-crossfire/ (accessed 15.04.2021).
  9. Shin M. South Korea Talks with China, Japan, and US in Flurry of Diplomacy. The Diplomat, 05.04.2021. Available at: https://thediplomat.com/2021/04/south-korea-talks-with-china-japan-and-us-in-flurry-of-diplomacy (accessed 11.04.2021).
  10. Xi Jinping attended the World Economic Forum “Davos Agenda” Dialogue and delivered a special speech. Xinhuanet, 25.01.2021. (In Chin.) Available at: http://www.xinhuanet.com/world/2021-01/25/c_1127023883.htm (accessed 15.03.2021).
  11. Zhou C. China ratifies RCEP trade deal three months ahead of schedule, urges other members to follow suit. SCMP, 09.03.2021. Available at: https://www.scmp.com/economy/global-economy/article/3124678/china-ratifies-rcep-trade-deal-three-months-ahead-schedule (accessed 11.03.2021).
  12. Iran and China sign 25-year cooperation agreement. Reuters, 27.03.2021. Available at: https://www.reuters.com/article/us-iran-china-idUSKBN2BJ0AD (accessed 03.04.2021).
  13. China confirms contradictions with the United States following a meeting in Alaska. Interfax, 20.03.2021 (In Russ.) Available at: https://www.interfax.ru/world/756957 (accessed 21.03.2021).
  14. Wang A. China-Russia alliance can never work, despite US rivalry, observers say. SCMP, 27.03.2021. Available at: https://www.scmp.com/news/china/diplomacy/article/3127253/china-russia-alliance-can-never-work-despite-us-rivalry (accessed 03.04.2021).
  15. Kostyrev A., Polukhin A. Kitai rezhet rossiiskuyu rybu [China cuts Russian fish]. Kommersant, 01.10.2020. Available at: https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/4512561 (accessed 15.03.2021).
  16. China demanded guarantees of the absence of coronavirus in fish products from Russia. TASS, 01.10.2020 (In Russ.) Available at: https://tass.ru/ekonomika/9608113 (accessed 15.03.2021).
  17. Skorlygina N., Zainullin E. Prostoi kak ugol’ [Simple as coal]. Kommersant, 21.08.2020. Available at: https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/4460088 (accessed 10.03.2021).
  18. On the border of Russia and China, all land border crossings remain closed. RIA Novosti, 14.04.2020. (In Russ.) Available at: https://ria.ru/20200414/1570000572.html (accessed 15.03.2021).
  19. China restricts cargo traffic on the Russian border in Zabajkal’e. TASS, 04.05.2020 (In Russ.) Available at: https://tass.ru/obschestvo/8395315 (accessed 15.03.2021).
  20. Fedorenko V. Ne vezet. Kak ustroena mnogokilometrovaya probka na granitse Rossii i Kitaya i otkuda ona vzyalas’? Reportazh iz ehpitsentra velikogo stoyaniya [No luck. How does a multi-kilometer traffic jam on the border of Russia and China work and where did it come from? Report from the epicenter of the great standing]. Novaya gazeta, 01.03.2021. Available at: https://novayagazeta.ru/articles/2021/03/01/89427-ne-vezet (accessed 15.03.2021).
  21. Rossel’khoznadzor informs grain market participants about China’s additional requirements for the packaging of imported products. Rossel’khoznadzor, 15.01.2021 (In Russ.) Available at: https://fsvps.gov.ru/fsvps/news/39458.html (accessed 15.03.2021).
  22. Chinese Foreign Ministry Spokesperson Hong Lei answered journalists’ questions about the results of the Crimean referendum. 17.03.2014. (In Chin.) Available at: http://ru.china-embassy.org/chn/fyrth/t1138076.htm (accessed 15.03.2021).
  23. What were Russia’s gains and losses in the annexation of Crimea? (In Chin.) Available at: https://www.zhihu.com/question/26894771 (accessed 15.03.2021).
  24. Russia’s annexation of Crimea violates its bilateral international treaty with Ukraine (In Chin.) Available at: http://bbs.tianya.cn/post-worldlook-1901636-1.shtml (accessed 15.03.2021).
  25. Vladimir Putin’s interview to the Renmin Ribao. Russian.people.cn, 25.04.2019 (In Russ.) Available at: http://russian.people.com.cn/n3/2019/0425/c31521-9571723.html (accessed 15.03.2021).
  26. Interview to the “Renmin Ribao” (In Russ.) Available at: http://kremlin.ru/events/president/news/60344 (accessed 15.03.2021).
  27. “China is creatively promoting international economic cooperation” – Interview with Russian President Putin (In Chin.) Available at: http://world.people.com.cn/n1/2019/0425/c1002-31048444.html (accessed 15.03.2021).
  28. Poplavskii A., Yuranets A. “Posledovatel’naya pozitsiya”: planiruet li Kitai priznat’ Krym rossiiskim [“Consistent position”: is China planning to recognize Crimea as Russian. Gazeta.ru, 22.03.2021. Available at: https://www.gazeta.ru/politics/2021/03/19_a_13517756.shtml (accessed 21.03.2021).

Registered in System SCIENCE INDEX

For citation:
Mikheev V., Lukonin S. Second Century of the Communist Party of China and New Bipolarity. World Eñonomy and International Relations, 2021, vol. 65, No 7, pp. 25-33. https://doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2021-65-7-25-33

Contents World Eñonomy and International Relations. 2021, vol. 65, No 7

Comments (0)

Show

No comments

Add comment







Indexed

 

 

 

 

Dear authors! Please note that in the VAK List of peer-reviewed scientific journals, in which the main scientific results of dissertations for the degree of candidate and doctor of sciences should be published for the “MEMO Journal” the following specialties are recorded:
economic sciences:
5.2.5. World Economy.
5.2.1. Economic Theory
5.2.3. Regional and Branch Economics
political sciences:
5.5.4. International Relations
5.5.1. History and Theory of Politics
5.5.2. Political Institutions, Processes, Technologies

 

Current Issue
2023, vol. 67, No. 6
Topical Themes of the Issue:
  • Far Eastern Regions of RF in Modern Russian-Chinese Cooperation  
  • Caribbean Segment of China’s Belt and Road Initiative in the Context of Sino-US Relations
  • “Hard Power” of Afghan Radical Islamists in Asia
  • Grounding Ontology of the “International” in Terms of Radical Constructivism
Submit an Article
Submit an Article
INVITATION FOR PUBLICATION
The Editorial Board invites authors to write analytical articles on the following topics:
  • changes in the processes of globalization in modern conditions
  • formation of the new world order
  • shifts in civilization at the stage of transition to a digital society

The editors are also interested in publishing synthesis articles / scientific reviews revealing the main trends in the development of certain regions of the world - Latin America, Africa, South Asia, etc.

Scientific and Practical Seminar of IMEMO, RIAC
and the MEMO Journal