136Received 19.02.2021.
Abstract. In 2020, the notion of “Islamist separatism,” meaning the non-recognition of the fundamental principles of the French Republic by a part of the French population and expressed in the creation of a “parallel counter-society”, was firmly entered into the French political lexicon. Despite the fact that the term “Islamist separatism” has drawn sharp criticism from a number of politicians and public figures as in France as abroad, it seems to us that this phenomenon really exists and not only challenges the secular foundations of the French state but also creates a quite tangible threat to security (I.e. in the form of terrorist activities). A number of terrorist acts carried out by militant Islamists in France look like a logical development of the “Islamist separatism” tendency. Moreover, not only France, but also a number of other European countries are faced with the phenomenon of “Islamist separatism”, but namely France has a pronounced specificity in this context, associated with the emphatically secular nature of the state. In this regard, it is important to understand the reasons that contribute to the emergence of “Islamist separatism”, which lie in various levels – from social and economic problems to socio-cultural and religious aspects. A separate problem is the potential for conflict, which contains “Islamist separatism” that threatens public peace and harmony and serves as a catalyst for the growth of nationalist and right-wing radical sentiments in French society. In this regard, it is important to use flexible and comprehensive measures to counter “Islamist separatism” (a combination of “hard power” and “soft power” instruments).
Keywords: separatism, islamist separatism, terrorism, France, Europe, European Union, Islam, Muslims, migration, immigrants, extremism, Jihadism, Islamism, secularism, communitarianism, radicalism, Islamophobia
REFERENCES
1. Ali Maskan. From Islamist “separatism” to “white privilege”: Footsteps of racism in France. French president’s comments on the reality of “white privilege” have sparked heated controversy. 11.01.2021. Available at: https://www.aa.com.tr/en/analysis/analysis-from-islamist-separatism-to-white-privilege-footsteps-of-racism-in-france/2106176 (accessed 13.01.2021).
2. Bindner L., Micheron H., Zelin A. Terrorism in France: New and Old Trends in Jihadism. The Washington Institute for Near East Policy. November 13, 2020. Available at: https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/terrorism-france-new-and-old-trends-jihadism (accessed 09.02.2021).
3. Haddad B. France’s War on Islamism Isn’t Populism. It’s Reality. Foreign Policy, November 3, 2020. Available at: https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/11/03/frances-war-on-islamism-isnt-populism-its-reality/ (accessed 09.02.2021).
4. Lettre du President Emmanuel Macron a la redaction du Financial Times. Available at: https://www.elysee.fr/emmanuel-macron/2020/11/04/la-france-se-bat-contre-le-separatisme-islamiste-jamais-contre-islam (accessed 11.01.2021).
5. Republic in Action: Statement by President of the French Republic Emmanuel Macron on the fight against separatism. (In Russ.) Available at: https://www.diplomatie.gouv.fr/ru/politique-etrangere/droits-de-l-homme/liberte-de-religion-ou-de-conviction/article/fight-against-separatism-the-republic-in-action-speech-by-emmanuel-macron (accessed 13.01.2021).
6. Osipov E.A. Communitarianism. Radicalism. Islamophobia. Action time for E. Macron. Herald of Humanitarian Education, 2020, no. 3 (19), pp. 64-71. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.25730/VSU.2070.20.036
7. Rougier B. Les territoires conquis de l’islamisme. Paris, PUF, 2020. 412 p.
8. Pupponi F. Les emirats de la Republique – Comment les islamistes prennent possession de la banlieue. Paris, Cerf, 2020. 258 p.
9. L’appel des 100 intellectuels contre le “separatisme islamiste”. Le Figaro, 19.03.2018. Available at: https://www.lefigaro.fr/vox/societe/2018/03/19/31003-20180319ARTFIG00299-l-appel-des-100-intellectuels-contre-le-separatisme-islamiste.php (accessed 12.01.2021).
10. Lubart M. France in the Current Migration Crisis of 2015–2017. Novaya i noveishaya istoriya, 2018, no. 5, pp. 119-139. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.31857/S013038640001422-2
11. Preobrazhenskaya A. French model of integration of immigrants in the face of modern challenges. Vestnik Rossiiskogo universiteta druzhby narodov. Seriya: politologiya, 2020, vol. 22, no. 3. pp. 487-505. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.22363/2313-1438-2020-22-3-487-505
12. Dolgov B.V. Islam in France: Muslims and a Secular Republic. Russia and the Moslem World, 2016, no. 4 (286), pp. 115-131. (In Russ.)
13. Kuznetsov A.V. Risks of ethno-cultural “mosaics” in the European Union. Regional’nye issledovaniya, 2015, no. 4 (50), pp. 4-12. (In Russ.)
14. Chernega V.N. Jihadist challenge in France. Current Problems of Europe, 2017, no. 4, pp. 65-83. (In Russ.)
15. Dolgov B.V. Muslim Renaissance in France: Results and Prospects. Current Problems of Europe, 2015, no. 4, pp. 112-140. (In Russ.)
16. Gordon A.V. Islam in France: The experience of integration. Social sciences and humanities. Domestic and foreign literature. Series 9: Oriental and African studies. Abstract journal, 2019, no. 3, pp. 5-53. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.31249/rva/2019.03.01
17. Kepel G. e. a. Banlieue de la Republique. Institut Montaigne. Octobre 2011. Available at: https://www.institutmontaigne.org/ressources/pdfs/orderfile/banlieue_republique_resume_institut_montaigne%20(1).pdf (accessed 29.01.2021).
18. En France, des jeunes de plus en plus fideles a l’islam. Le Monde, 01.11.2012. Available at: https://www.lemonde.fr/culture/article/2012/11/01/des-jeunes-fideles-a-l-islam_1784520_3246.html (accessed 29.01.2021).
19. Novozhenova I.S. French model of integration of immigrants and multiculturalism. Current Problems of Europe, 2011, no. 4, pp. 117-139. (In Russ.)
20. Dolgov B.V. Terrorist attacks and radical Islamism in France. (In Russ.) Available at: https://ivran.ru/articles?artid=3365 (accessed 08.02.2021).
21. Valerie Pecresse: “On n’eradiquera pas l’islamisme si on ne casse pas les ghettos urbains”. Le Figaro, 06.12.2020. Available at: https://www.lefigaro.fr/politique/valerie-pecresse-on-n-eradiquera-pas-l-islamisme-si-on-ne-casse-pas-les-ghettos-urbains-20201206 (accessed 25.01.2021).
22. Rabasa A., Benard Ch. Eurojihad: Patterns of Islamist Radicalization and Terrorism in Europe. Cambridge University Press, 2015. 246 p.
23. Osipov E.A. Caricatures of The Franco-Turkish Aggravation 2020 and the Implications for France’s Islam. International Journal of Humanities and Natural Sciences, 2020, vol. 11-1 (50), pp. 35-42. (In Russ.) DOI: 10.24411/2500-1000-2020-11336
24. Vidino L., Marone F., Entenmann E. Fear Thy Neighbor: Radicalization and Jihadist Attacks in the West. Milano, ISPI, 2017. 108 p.
25. Yashlavskii A. Islamist Terrorism in Europe: Trends and Prospects. Mirovaya ekonomika i mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya, 2019, vol. 63, no. 6, pp. 93-101. (In Russ.) Available at: https://doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2019-63-6-93-101
Registered in System SCIENCE INDEX
No comments