
Abstract. The article studies specifics of trade and investment ties of Switzerland with EU countries. The author researches into the history of relations of Switzerland with EU, specifics of participation of this country in the process of European integration without membership in EU. The author pay attention on policy of neutrality and decentralization of Swiss economy and analyzes the special model of relations of two parties in the shape of bilateral or sectoral agreements as well as the factors determining main trends and periods of its development, profits and risks linked to Switzerland`s joining the EU, and the reasons standing in the way of conclusion of an institutional framework agreement with EU. The core argument is the Swiss reliance on direct democracy and bottom-up approach to governance as well as neutrality policy. The author underlines the factors of attractiveness of Switzerland for European partners first of all tied with competitiveness and diversity of the Swiss economy, it`s original niche character, export orientation, specialization on innovative sectors and development of clusters particular in biomedical technologies. On the basis of analysis and summarizing of statistics the author shows dynamics and specifics of trade and investment ties between Switzerland and the EU countries, merchandise structure of the foreign trade and importance of foreign investment as a key factor for economic growth in Switzerland. The author also assesses the role of multinational companies in Swiss economy as drives of its growth in the context of globalization and the impact on the number of jobs in Switzerland.
Keywords: The European Union, bilateral agreements, factors of attractiveness, competitive ability, multinational companies, banking system, cluster model, trade, direct investments
REFERENCES
1. Schwok R. Switzerland and the European Common Market. New York, London, Praeger, 1991. 144 p.
2. Shveicer V.Ya., ed. Gosudarstva Al`piiskogo regiona i strany Benilyuks v menyayushcheisysya Evrope [The countries of Alpin region and Benilux]. Moscow, Ves` mir, 2009. 546 p.
3. Yudanov Yu.I. Shveitsariya i Evrosoyuz: trudnye poiski partnerstva [Switzerland and the European Union: the difficult search for partnership]. Mirovaya ekonomika i mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya, 2002, no. 2, pp. 75-83.
4. Miserez M.- A. Shveitsariya–ES: vstupit’ nel’zya ostat’sya… [Switzerland–EU: to join or not to stay…]. SWIswissinfo.ch, 17.01.2013. Available at: https://www.swissinfo.ch/rus/20-лет-без-европы_швейцария--ес-вступить-нельзя-остаться-/34682418 (accessed 15.03.2020).
5. Kuzelewska E. Do the Swiss not Want to Join the European Union? Swiss Referenda on European Integration. January 2013. DOI:10.14746/pp.2013.18.3.7
6. Two million foreigners in Switzerland: who are these people? SWIswissinfo.ch, 17.11.2017 (In Russ.) Available at: https://www.swissinfo.ch/rus/серия-иммиграция-часть-1-_два-миллиона-иностранцев-в-швейцарии-кто-эти-люди/42412336 (accessed 03.02.2020).
7. Economy Survey: Switzerland. Paris, OECD, November 2019. 60 p. Available at: http://www.oecd.org/economy/surveys/Switzerland-2019-OECD-economic-survey-overview.pdf (accessed 15.03.2020).
8. Mariani D. Shveitsariya poluchaet naibol’shuyu vygodu ot dostupa k rynku ES [Switzerland gets the best benefit from access to the EU market]. SWIswissinfo.ch, 14.05.2019.
9. Schwok R. Switzerland – European Union: an Impossible Membership? European Policy Series 46. Brussels, P.I.E–Peter Lang, 2009. 158 p. Available at: https://archive-ouverte.unige.ch/unige:4795 (accessed 12.03.2020).
10. GDP per capita at current prices (in US dollars) (In Russ.) Available at: https://knoema.ru/atlas/topics/Экономика/Национальные-счета-Валовой-внутренний-продукт/ВВП-на-душу-населения-в-текущих-ценах-долл-США?type=maps (accessed 20.03.2020).
11. Yudanov Yu.I. Osobennosti shveitsarskoi predprinimatel’skoi modeli [Features of the Swiss business model]. Sovremennaya Evropa, 2003, no. 1, pp. 60-69.
12. Belov N.I. Osobennosti promyshlennoi politiki Shveitsarii, podderzhka innovatsii [Features of Swiss industrial policy, support for innovation]. Rossiiskii vneshneekonomicheskii vestnik, 2014, no. 7, pp. 105-119.
13. Banks of Switzerland (In Russ.) Available at: http://foreignbanks.ru/evropa/shveytsarskie-banki.html (accessed 05.03.2020).
14. List of Swiss banks and assets. March 9 2019 (In Russ.) Available at: https://www.yourprivatebankers.com/spisok-bankov-shvejttsarii/ (accessed 12.02.2020).
15. The Global Innovation Index 2019: Creating Healthy Lives – the Future of Medical Innovation. Ithaca, Fontainebleau, Geneva, INSEAD and WIPO, 2019. 452 p. Available at: https://www.globalinnovationindex.org/userfiles/file/reportpdf/gii-full-report-2019.pdf (accessed 15.03.2010).
16. Taxation in Switzerland (In Russ.) Available at: https://fbs-tax.com/tax-planning/switzerland/taxation-in-switzerland/ (accessed 12.02.2020).
17. Taxes in Switzerland in 2020: income, transport and other types (In Russ.) Available at: https://stellatour.ru/shvejczariya/nalogi-v-shvejczarii-v-2020-godu-podohodnyj-transportnyj-i-drugie-vidy (accessed 12.02.2020).
18. Export to Switzerland – comprehensive support (In Russ.) Available at: https://souzconsalt.com/product/switzerland/ (accessed 02.03.2020).
19. Workman D. Switzerland’s Top Trading Partners. January 1, 2020. Available at: http://www.worldstopexports.com/switzerlands-top-import-partners/ (accessed 15.03.2010).
20. Switzerland – Trade (% of GDP). Available at: https://tradingeconomics.com/switzerland/trade-percent-of-gdp-wb-data.html (accessed 25.02.2020).
21. The Global Competitiveness Report 2019. Davos, World Economic Forum, 2019. 666 p. Available at: http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_TheGlobalCompetitivenessReport2019.pdf (accessed 15.03.2010).
22. Les donnees de l`Office Federal de la Statistique. Available at: https://www.bfs.admin.ch/bfs/fr/home/statistiques/industrie-services/commerce-exterieur/bilan-commercial-importations-exportations.html (accessed 18.02.2020).
23. Switzerland-EU – International Trade in Goods Statistics. Statistics Explained. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php/Switzerland-EU_-_international_trade_in_goods_statistics#EU_and_Switzerland_in_world_trade_in_goods (accessed 12.03.2020).
24. European Commission: Market Access Database. Available at: https://madb.europa.eu/madb/statistical_form.htm (accessed 12.03.2020).
25. Switzerland–EU in Figures. Available at: https://www.eda.admin.ch/dea/en/home/dienstleistungen-publikationen/schweiz-eu-in-zahlen.html (accessed 05.03.2020).
26. Switzerland`s Top 10 Exports. Available at: http://www.worldstopexports.com/switzerlands-top-10-exports/ (accessed 15.03.2020).
27. European Union, Trade with Switzerland. Directorate-General for Trade. Available at: https://webgate.ec.europa.eu/isdb_results/factsheets/country/details_switzerland_en.pdf (accessed 15.03.2020).
28. Switzerland Wake up. Reinforcing Switzerland`s Attractiveness to Multinationals. McKinsey & Company Switzerland. April 2019. 40 p. Available at: https://www.mckinsey.com/~/media/McKinsey/Featured%20Insights/Europe/Reinforcing%20Switzerlands%20attractiveness%20to%20multinational%20companies/Switzerland-wake-up-Full-report.ashx (accessed 12.02.2020).
29. Swiss National Bank. Direct Investment, 2018 Edition. Press Release 13.12.2019. Available at: https://www.snb.ch/en/mmr/reference/pre_20191213/source/pre_20191213.en.pdf (accessed 15.03.2020).
30. Switzerland: foreign direct investment, % GDP (I n Russ.) Available at: https://ru.theglobaleconomy.com/Switzerland/Foreign_Direct_Investment/ (accessed 18.02.2020).
31. Economic Importance of Foreign Investment for Switzerland. Available at: https://www.seco.admin.ch/seco/en/home/Aussenwirtschaftspolitik_Wirtschaftliche_Zusammenarbeit/Wirtschaftsbeziehungen/Internationale_Investitionen/Auslandsinvestitionen/Volkswirtschaftliche_Bedeutung_Auslandinvestitionen_Schweiz.html (accessed 18.02.2020).
32. Switzerland. International Affairs. Direct Investment, 2019.12.13. Foreign Direct Investment Abroad – by Country and Country Group. Capital Stocks (Book Value). Available at: https://data.snb.ch/en/topics/aube#!/cube/fdiausbla (accessed 12.03.2020).
33. World Investment Report. Special economic zones. Key messages and overview. United Nations. Geneva, 2019. 49 p. Available at: https://unctad.org/en/PublicationsLibrary/wir2019_overview_en.pdf (accessed 12.03.2020).
34. Switzerland. International affairs. Direct investment, 2019–12–13. Foreign Direct Investment in Switzerland – by Country and Country Group. Capital Transactions. Available at: https://data.snb.ch/en/topics/aube#!/cube/fdiaustlanda (accessed 12.03.2020).
35. Singapore and Switzerland: Secrets to Small States Success. Guo Y., Woo J. J. eds. Singapore, World Scientific, September 2016. 352 p. DOI:10.1142/9472
Registered in System SCIENCE INDEX
No comments