
Acknowledgements. The research has been supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research and the Nonprofit Expertise Institute for Social Research as part of the scientific project ¹ 19-011-31330 îïí “American-Ukrainian Relations in the Post-Soviet Era: Strategic Interests, Motives, Values”.
Abstract. The U. S.-Ukraine relations are a multi-faceted phenomenon. Their significance goes beyond the lines of the exclusively bilateral agenda. They are an important factor in Washington’s policy of consolidating European allies around the idea of preventing the strengthening of Russia’s influence in the post-Soviet space. From Kiev’s viewpoint, the strategic cooperation with Washington is considered as an important tool to promote the Euro-Atlantic aspirations of Ukraine, and to restore its “territorial integrity” deterring Russia. Despite a significant research interest to the problems of the U.S.-Ukraine relations in the period of 2014–2019, it should be emphasized that most of authors focus on this topic only in wider international contexts or cover some particular issues (military cooperation, financial assistance, diplomatic support). Due to these conditions, the proper logic of relations between the United States and Ukraine does not always remain open and explained. In this regard, a comprehensive approach to the analysis of the U.S. policy towards Ukraine and vice versa should be regarded as an advantage of this article. The authors consider Washington’s diplomatic steps to consolidate and mobilize external support in favor of Kiev after the loss of the Ukrainian jurisdiction over Crimea, as well as an effective control over a part of the South-East regions of the country. The article also analyzes the American humanitarian and military assistance to Ukraine, and its structure. It identifies the priority sectors funded by the American government. The provision of the U.S. assistance is examined in comparison with the donor activity of international organizations (International Monetary Fund, International Bank for Reconstruction and Development) and the European Union. The analysis of the American involvement in the processes of Ukrainian domestic reforms in terms of their effectiveness is also given. The authors evaluate the effectiveness of U.S.-Ukrainian cooperation through the prism of the “alliance dilemma”. Special attention is paid to difficulties and differences in relations between strategic partners, which have arisen after 2014 and outline the limits of possibilities for Washington’s influence in resolving the Ukrainian crisis.
Keywords: U.S.-Ukraine relationship, Ukrainian crisis, post-Soviet space, conflict in Donbass, NATO, European security, international assistance, military-political cooperation, social-economic reforms, anti-Russian sanctions
REFERENCES
1. Pifer S. The Eagle and the Trident: U.S. – Ukraine Relations in Turbulent Times. Washington, DC, Brookings Institution Press, 2016. 366 p.
2. Trenin D. The Ukraine Crisis and the Resumption of Great-Power Rivalry. Moscow, Moscow Carnegie Center, 2014. 38 p.
3. Haran O., Burkovskiy P. Ukraine’s Foreign Policy and the Role of the West. Eastern Voices: Europe’s East Faces an Unsettled West. Washington, Center for Transatlantic Relations, 2017, ðp. 51-76.
4. Woźniak M. The Ukraine Crisis and Shift in US Foreign Policy. International Studies, 2016, vol. 18, no. 2, pp. 87-102. DOI:10.1515/ipcj‑2016-0011
5. Wilson A. Ukraine Crisis: What It Means for the West. New Haven, Yale University Press, 2014. 248 p.
6. Mankoff J., Kuchins A. Russia, Ukraine, and U. S. Policy Options. Washington, Center for Strategic and International Studies, Russia and Eurasia Program, January 2015. 9 p. Available at: https://csis-website-prod.s3.amazonaws.com/s3fs-public/legacy_files/files/publication/150129_Mankoff_RussiaUkraineUSOptions_Web.pdf (accessed 10.02.2020).
7. Silaev N.Yu. Pomosh’NATO Ukraine posle Maidana [The NATO Assistance to Ukraine after Maidan]. International Analytics, 2018, no. 2 (24), pp. 68-78.
8. Merry W. Dealing with the Ukrainian Crisis: Transatlantic Strategy Dilemmas. Istituto Affari Internazionali (IAI) Working Papers, no. 15 (51), December 2015, pp. 1-17. Available at: https://www.iai.it/sites/default/files/iaiwp1551.pdf (accessed 10.02.2020).
9. Pifer S. Will Ukraine Join NATO? A Course for Disappointment. Brookings, July 25, 2017. Available at: https://www.brookings.edu/blog/order-from-chaos/2017/07/25/will-ukraine-join-nato-a-course-for-disappointment/ (accessed 10.09.2019).
10. Mikhailov S.A. Politika SShA v otnoshenii Ukrainy: kontseptsii i tekushchaya politika [United States Policy Towards Ukraine: Concepts and Current Policy]. Problemy natsional’noi strategii, 2016, no. 5 (38), pp. 68-86.
11. Sushentsov A.A. Kak v more korabli. Rossiya i Ukraina: otkaz ot vzaimnoi zavisimosti [Like vessels in the sea. Russia and Ukraine: rejection of mutual dependence]. Russia in Global Affairs, 2016, vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 54-67.
12. Silaev N.Yu., Sushentsov A.A. Stsenarnyi prognoz razvitiya ukrainskogo krizisa [Scenario prognosis of the Ukrainian crisis development]. Vestnik RUDN, International Relations, 2018, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 107-123.
13. Oleinik A. The Role of Foreign Donors in Rebuilding the Ukrainian Nation-State. Development in Practice, 2018, no. 28 (1), pp. 165-175. DOI:10.1080/09614524.2018.1405910
14. De Mars W.E., Dijkzeul D., åds. The NGO challenge for international relations theory. London, Routledge, 2015. 340 p.
15. Ruzhitskaya I.V. Mezhdunarodnaya pomoshch’ kak instrument “myagkoi sily” [International Aid as a Soft Power Tool]. (The Vladimir branch of the RANEPA) Uchenye zapiski, 2017, no. 2, pp. 53-56.
16. Ukraina: zarubezhnaya pomoshch’ kak instrument “myagkoi sily” [Ukraine: Foreign Aid as a Soft Power Tool]. Mirovaya ekonomika i mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya, 2016, vol. 60, no. 11, pp. 103-114. DOI:10.20542/0131-2227-2016-60-11-103-114
17. Jarabik B., De Waal T. Ukraine Reform Monitor: March 2018. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2018. Available at: https://carnegieendowment.org/2018/03/27/ukraine-reform-monitor-march-2018-pub-75909 (accessed 10.09.2019).
18. Troitskii M.A. Kongress i politika SShA v otnoshenii Ukrainy [The Role of Congress in Shaping U.S. Policy Towards Ukraine]. USA–Canada: Economics–Politics–Culture, 2014, no. 3, pp. 75-84.
19. Gushchin A.V., Markedonov S.M., Tsibulina A.N. Ukrainskii vyzov dlya Rossii [A Ukrainian Challenge for Russia]. Moscow, Spetskniga, 2015. 48 p.
20. Danilov D.A. Strategiya natsional’noi bezopasnosti Ukrainy: vozmozhnye posledstviya dlya rossiisko-ukrainskikh otnoshenii [The Ukrainian National Security Strategy: Possible Consequences for the Russiaan-Ukrainian Relationship]. Contemporary Europe, 2016, no. 2, pp. 33-37.
21. USAID Explorer. Available at: https://explorer.usaid.gov/#2018 (accessed 12.02.2020).
22. Omelicheva M. Washington’s Security Assistance to Kyiv: Improving Long-Term Returns on Military Investments in Ukraine. PONARS Eurasia. Policy Memos, 2019, no. 614, pp. 1-6.
23. Oliker O., Davis L.E., Crane K., Radin A., Gventer C.W., Sondergaard S., etc. Security Sector Reform in Ukraine. California, Santa Monica, Rand Corporation, 2016. 36 p. Available at: https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR1475-1.html (accessed 10.02.2020).
24. Akimenko V. Voennaya reforma – tyazhelyi boi dlya Ukrainy [The military reform – a hard battle for Ukraine]. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, February 27, 2018. Available at: https://carnegieendowment.org/files/Akimenko_Military_reform_rus.pdf (accessed 18.08.2019).
25. Wilson S. Beyond the Euromaidan: Comparative Perspectives on Advancing Reform in Ukraine. Cambridge Review of International Affairs, 2018, vol. 31, no. 1, pp. 122-138. DOI:10.1080/09557571.2018.1439314
26. Havrylyshyn O. Prospects for Real Reforms after the Euromaidan Victory. The Political Economy of Independent Ukraine. London, Palgrave Macmillan, 2017, pp. 321-331.
27. Snyder G. H. Alliance Politics. Ithaca, New York, Cornell University Press, 1997. 432 p.
28. Waltz K. N. The Theory of International Politics., University of California, Berkeley, Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, 1979. 251 p.
29. Aslund À. Ukraine: What Went Wrong and How to Fix It? Washington, DC, Peterson Institute for International Economics, 2015. 318 p.
30. Novaky N. Why so Soft? The European Union in Ukraine. Contemporary Security Policy, 2015, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 244-266. DOI:10.1080/13523260.2015.1061767
31. Wolczuk K. State building and European integration in Ukraine. Eurasian Geography and Economics, 2019, no. 4, pp. 736-754. DOI:10.1080/15387216.2019.1655463
32. Batora J., Rieker P. EU-supported reforms in the EU neighborhood as organized anarchies: the case of post-Maidan Ukraine. Journal of European Integration, 2018, vol. 40, no. 4, pp. 461-478. DOI:10.1080/07036337.2018.1467412
33. Shishkina O.V. Vneshnyaya pomoshch’ razvitiyu Ukrainy posle 2014 g.: masshtaby, proekty i motivatsiya donorov [External assistance to Ukraine after 2014: scales, projects and donor’s motivation]. MGIMO Review of International Relations, 2018, no. 5 (62), pp. 92-113.
34. Lough J., Dubrovskiy V. Are Ukraine’s Anti-corruption Reforms Working? Chatham House. Russia and Eurasia Programme. Research Paper. November 2018. 46 p. Available at: https://euaci.eu/assets/userfiles/resources/2019-03-05-Are_Ukraines_Anti-corruption_Reforms_Working_EN.pdf (accessed 18.08. 2019).
35. Bezrukov A.O., Sushentsov A.A. Fenomen D. Trampa i stsenarii razvitiya rossiisko-amerikanskikh otnoshenii [The D. Trump Phenomenon and scenarios of the Russia-US relations’ development]. Comparative Politics Russia, 2018, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 109-123. DOI:10.24411/2221-3279-2018-00009
36. Loshkarev I.D., Paren’kov D.A., Sushentsov A.A. Vliyanie etnonatsional’nykh lobbi na vneshnyuyu politiku SShA: istoricheskii opyt ukrainskoi diaspory [The Influence of Ethno-National Lobbies on the US Foreign Policy: History of the Ukrainian Diaspora]. MGIMO Review of International Relations, 2018, no. 2 (59), pp. 165-184. DOI:10.24833/2071-8160-2018-2-59-165-184
Registered in System SCIENCE INDEX
No comments