499R. Lunkin (romanlunkin@gmail.com),
Institute of Europe, Russian Academy of Sciences (IE RAS), 11/3, Mokhovaya Str., Moscow, 125009, Russian Federation;
S. Filatov (sfilatov2006@yandex.ru),
Institute of Oriental Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences (IOS RAS), 12, Rozhdestvenka Str., Moscow, 107031, Russian Federation
Abstract. The article analyzes the withstanding of two worldviews – traditionalism and antitraditionalism – in the context of the conflict between the “right populism” and the modern liberalism. The authors define the ideology of the modern liberal order as antitraditionalism because it differs from the classical liberalism and should not be mixed with neoliberalism. Its basic feature is the intention to overcome every identity, because the identity, according to the antitraditionalist ideology, chains humans with narrow frames of stereotypes imposed from outside. The overcoming of identity opens the world of new possibilities and new values. In the chapter on the basics of antitraditionalism, the authors distinguish two ideological sources of this worldview. Firstly, it is Christianity that claims the principles of equality. The second source is Marxism where “being defines conscience”, and both the “discriminated conscience of the exploited” and the “suppressing conscience of the dominating class” exist. The progress of the new ideology is described in the chapter on the revolution of antitraditionalism. The influence of the struggle between two trends on inner political processes is analyzed in the chapter on the party delimitations and political discussions. It is stressed that Russia was a pioneer of antitraditionalism in the Soviet period but now counters the new “liberal” values. The traditionalist wave in Europe and USA was provoked by immigration crisis, discussion around issues of gender and perception of nationalism. The authors conclude that the beginning of a new ideological and political fight in the modern world as well as the occurrence of the traditionalist reaction to a peaceful antitraditionalist revolution (which has been taking place since the second half of 20th century) is a regular process.
Keywords: liberalism, traditionalism, antitraditionalism, problems of indentity, nationalism, right populism, gender problems
REFERENCES
1. Lunkin R.N., Filatov S.B. Mezhkonfessional’nye razlichiya v Evrope i novye ideologicheskie protivostoyaniya [Interconfessional Differences in Europe and New Ideological Withstandings]. Contemporary Europe, 2018, no. 3, pp. 102-114. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.15211/soveurope32018102114
2. Babich D. “Posle cheloveka” – vazhneishii doklad-preduprezhdenie Russkoi ekspertnoi shkoly [“After the Man” the Most Important Report-the Prevention of the Russian Expert School]. Religare.Ru, 04.07.2018. Available at: http://www.religare.ru/2_115885.html (accessed 24.03.2019).
3. Brubaker R. Etnichnost’ bez grupp [Ethnicity without Groups]. Moscow, VSHE, 2012. 408 p.
4. Abrams S.Y. Identity politics strengthens democracy. E Pluribus Unum? The fight over identity politics. By Abrams S.Y., Sides J., Tesler M., Vavreck L., Richeson J.A., Fukuyama F. Foreign Affairs, March/April 2019. Available at: https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/2019-02-01/stacey-abrams-response-to-francis-fukuyama-identity-politics-article (accessed 24.03.2019).
5. Kondrat’eva-Sal’gero E. Antibelogo rasizma net, potomu chto byt’ ne mozhet [Anti-white Racism is Impossible]. Vzglyad, 24.08.2018. Available at: https://vz.ru/opinions/2018/8/24/938555.html (accessed 24.03.2019).
6. Semenenko I.S., ed. Identichnost’: Lichnost’, obshchestvo, politika. Entsiklopedicheskoe izdanie [Identity: the individual, society, and politics. An encyclopedia]. Moscow, “Ves’ mir”, 2017. 992 p.
7. Stuart Hall, Paul du Gay. Questions of cultural identity, 1996. 280 p.
8. Kuznetsov M.M. Teodor V. Adorno – filosof neidentichnosti [Theodor V. Adorno – the Philosopher of Nonidentity]. Istoriya filosofii, 2003, no. 10, pp. 24-49.
9. Kundera M. Bessmertie [Immortality]. SPb, Azbuka, 2018. 53 p.
10. Eric Zemmour: “I am Afraid of Disappearing of France”. Inopressa, 26.06.2019. (In Russ.) Available at: https://www.inopressa.ru/article/03oct2018/letemps/zemmour.html (accessed 24.03.2019).
11. Fukuyama F. Identity: The Demand for Dignity and the Politics of Resentment. New York, Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2018. 240 p.
12. Nikiforova V. V zapadnykh universitetakh pokonchili so svobodoi slova [In Western Universities the Feedom of Speech was Cancelled]. Vzglyad, 07.06.2018. Available at: https://vz.ru/world/2018/6/7/926554.html (accessed 24.03.2019).
13. Swedish Kindergarten Makes Attempts to Erase the Gender Differences. Russkaya sluzhba BBC, 27.06.2011. (In Russ.) Available at: https://www.bbc.com/russian/society/2011/06/110627_egalia_sweden_kindegarten (accessed 24.03.2019).
14. EU Policy on Education: The Impact on the Social Inclusion of Vulnerable Groups. CEPS Special Report/September 2009, Sergio Carrera & Florian Geyer. Available at: http://aei.pitt.edu/14573/1/Includ-ed_EU_Policy_on_Education.pdf (accessed 24.03.2019).
15. Timoshenkova E.P. Vybory v bundestag 2017: novyi etap ili krizis partiinoi sistemy? [Elections to the Bundestag 2017: a New Stage or a Crisis of the Party System?] Evropa 2017: partii, vybory, vlast’ [Europe 2017: Parties, Elections, Power]. Shveitser V.Ya, ed. Moscow, Institut Evropy RAS, 2018, pp. 42-52.
16. Horol’skaya M.V. Usilenie pravovogo populizma v ES (na primere partii Al’ternativa dlya Germanii) [The Rise of Right-Wing Populism in the EU (the case of the Alternative for Germany Party)]. Budushchee Evropy: global’nye vyzovy i vozmozhnye otvety [The Future of Europe: Global Challenges and Possible Responses]. Moscow, Institut Evropy RAS, 2018, pp. 42-48.
17. Volobuev V.V. Ioann Pavel II i ideologiya brat’ev Kachin’skih [John Paul II and the Ideology of the Kachinsky Brothers]. Transformaciya partijno-politicheskogo landshafta v stranah Evrosoyuza v usloviyah krizisa [Transformation of the Party and Political Landscape in European Union Countries in the Period of Crisis]. Part I. Reports of the Institute of Europe no. 337, Moscow, Institut Evropy RAS, 2017, ðð. 112-121.
18. Shishelina L.N. Parlamentskie vybory v Vengrii 2018 g. [The Parliament Elections in Hungary in 2018]. Nauchno-analiticheskii vestni Institutà Evropy RAN, 2018, no. 2, pp. 65-71. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.15211/vestnikieran2201811
19. Guseletov B. P. Itogi parlamentskih vyborov v Italii [The Results of the Parliament Elections in Italy]. Nauchno-analiticheskii vestnik Institutà Evropy RAN, 2018, no. 1, pp. 55-69. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.15211/vestnikieran120185569
20. The Italian Documents will Return Definitions “Father” and “Mother”. ÈÀ Regnum, 10.08.2018. (In Russ.) Available at: https://regnum.ru/news/2462843.html (accessed 24.03.2019).
21. Gribovskii V. S. Evroskeptitsizm v GermaniI, Avstrii i ShveitsariI [Euroscepticism in Germany, Austria and Switzerland]. Budushchee Evropy: global’nye vyzovy i vozmozhnye otvety [The Future of Europe: Global Challenges and Possible Responses]. Moscow, Institut Evropy RAS, 2018, pð. 48-54.
22. Oskolkov P.V. Pravyi populizm v stranah Benilyuks v sravnitel’noi perspective [The Right Populism in the Countries of Benilux in the Comparative Perspective]. Contemporary Europe, 2017, no. 5, pp. 54-62.
23. Shveitser V.Ya., Oskolkov P.V. Niderlandy: problemy antinatsionalisticheskogo bloka [The Netherlands: Problems of the Anti-Nationalist Bloc]. Evropa 2017: partii, vybory, vlast’ [Europe 2017: Parties, Elections, Power]. Shveitser V.Ya, ed. Moscow, Institut Evropy RAS, 2018, pp. 97-102.
24. Shveitser V.Ya., Gribovskii V.S. Itogi parlamentskikh vyborov v Avstrii [The Results of the Parliament Elections in Austria]. Nauchno-analiticheskii vestnik Institutà Evropy RAN, 2018, no. 1, pp. 49-54. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.15211/vestnikieran120184954
25. Gubalova V. Strakh pered migratsiei i ego posledstviya dlya razvitiya partiinoi sistemy Slovakii: kratkii obzor [The fear of migration and the consequences for the current party outlook in Slovakia: a short overview]. Transformatsiya partiino-politicheskogo landshafta v stranakh Evrosoyuza v usloviyakh krizisa [Transformation of the Party and Political Landscape in European Union Countries in the Period of Crisis]. Part II. Reports of the Institute of Europe no. 338. Moscow, Institut Evropy RAS, 2017, pp. 72-78.
26. Vedernikov M.V. Kakim putem pojdet Chekhiya? [What way Czech Republic will go?] RSMD, 15.01.2018. Available at: http://russiancouncil.ru/analytics-and-comments/analytics/kakim-putem-poydet-chekhiya/ (accessed 24.03.2019).
27. Vernikov V.L. Krizis v Katalonii izmenil politicheskii oblik Ispanii [The Crisis in Catalonia Changed the Political Face of Spain]. Nauchno-analiticheskii vestnik Institutà Evropy RAS, 2018, no. 2, pp. 79-85. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.15211/vestnikieran2201813
28. Fedorov S.M. Frantsiya: “Respublikantsy” v poiskakh novoi identichnosti [French Republicans in Search of a New Identity]. Evropa 2017: partii, vybory, vlast’ [Europe 2017: Parties, Elections, Power]. Shveitser V.Ya, ed. Moscow, Institut Evropy RAS, 2018, pp. 22-28.
29. Trump explained his nationalism. RIA Novosti, 23.10.2018 (In Russ.) Available at: https://ria.ru/20181023/1531239687.html (accessed 24.03.2019).
30. Drobnitskii D. Kak Makron upustil shans promolchat’ i legitimiroval diskussiyu o natsionalizme [How Macron Missed the opportunity for silence and legitimated the discussion on nationalism]. Politanalitika, 14.11.2018. Available at: https://news.yandex.ru/story/Kak_Makron_upustil_shans_promolchat_i_legitimiroval_diskussiyu_o_nacionalizme-98a5ed1c6991b53741332a0f0c3130fc (accessed 24.03.2019).
Registered in System SCIENCE INDEX
No comments