737E. Labetskaya (lbtskaya@imemo.ru),
Primakov National Research Institute of World Economy and International Relations, Russian Academy of Sciences (IMEMO), 23, Profsoyuznaya Str., Moscow 117997, Russian Federation
Abstract. Russia–EU relations are regarded within a framework of the ongoing author’s “Trans-Arctic study”, which allows to consider new formats of global interaction in the Arctic macro-region, often referred to as conflict-free. Behind the “conflict-free Arctic”, the hybrid policy of “Smart & Intelligent Power” hides, which is fraught with the erosion of identity in the Arctic zone of the Russian Federation (AZ RF). Soft-power risks, which are brought to the AZ RF due to transformation of the Russia–EU interaction paradigm, are its part. The modernized “Northern Sea Route” and huge natural resources of the AZ RF are a colossal “capital” of Russia, which cause envy and generate the wish of foes to exercise economic, political, cultural and information control over this “capital”. The multiplier of these challenges is the growth of global significance of the “Eurasian-Arctic field” in the Trans-Arctic, where the “soft-, smart-, intelligent-, sharp-power” has become a popular instrument of foreign policy. An analysis of the EU’s ambitious integrated Arctic strategy and its model of interactions in the region suggests that in the near future, the European Union’s presence in the Trans-Arctic will remain limited. And “soft-power risks” generated here by the EU will be “broadcast” to Russia through the actors of the Trans-Artic multi-level management system, who are closely affiliated with Brussels. For a safe Russia–EU interaction in the “Eurasian-Arctic Field” of the Trans-Arctic or in the AZ RF it is necessary to elaborate a new model, which would take into account the risk of “soft-power and sharp-power” intervention – the one that will not allow to awaken the dormant conflict-generating force of the Trans-Arctic.
Keywords: Eurasia, the EU, Russia, Trans-Arctic, security, geopolitics, space, securitization, power
REFERENCES
1. Keohane R.O. International Institutions: Can Interdependence Work? Foreign Policy, 1998, issue 110, Spring, pp. 82-96.
2. Bourdieu P. Sotsiologiya sotsial’nogo prostranstva [Sociology of Social Space]. (Transl. from French). Moscow, Institut eksperimental’noi sotsiologii. Sankt-Petersburg, Aleteiya, 2007. 288 p. Available at: http://bourdieu.name/files/bourdieu_pierre_sociologie_de_lespace_sociale_isbn_5893297628_ocr.pdf (accessed 08.02.2018).
3. Nye J. Gibkaya sila. Kak dobit’sya uspekha v mirovoi politike [Soft Power: The Means to Success in World Politics]. (Transl. from English) Moscow, Trend, 2006. 397 p.
4. Buzan B. New Patterns of Global Security in the Twenty-First Century. International Affairs, 1991, vol. 67, no. 3, pp. 431-451.
5. Naryshkin Said about the United States Hybrid War against CIS Countries (In Russ.) Available at: http://www.rosbalt.ru/russia/2017/12/19/1669627.html (accessed 14.03.2018).
6. The Global Risks Report – 2018. Available at: https://www.weforum.org/reports/the-global-risks-report-2018 (accessed 09.02.2018).
7. Kostin Declared the Beginning of the “War” of the West against Russia (In Russ.) Available at: http://www.vestifinance.ru/articles/96732 (accessed 09.02.2018).
8. Labetskaya E.O. Transarktika: aspekty global’nogo upravleniya [Trans-Arctic: Aspects of Global Governance]. Mezhsektsionnyi sbornik ¹ 2 “Global’noe upravlenie”. Materialy VIII Konventa RAMI (aprel’ 2014 g.): nauchnoe izdanie [Intersectional Collection ¹ 2 “Global Management”. Materials of the VIII Convention of RAMI (April 2014): Scientific Edition]. Lebedeva M.M., Strezhneva M.V., Panova V.V., Nikitin A.I., eds. Moscow, Izdatel’stvo “MGIMO–Universitet”, 2015, pp. 53-61.
9. Zagorskii A.V. Nestrategicheskie voprosy bezopasnosti i sotrudnichestva v Arktike [Nonstrategic Issues of Security and Cooperation in the Arctic]. Moscow, IMEMO, 2016. 104 p. DOI:10.20542/978-5-9535-0492-8
10. Lomonosov M.V. Kratkoe opisanie raznykh puteshestvii po severnym moryam i pokazanie vozmozhnogo prokhodu Sibirskim okeanom v vostochnuyu Indiyu [Brief Description of Different Trips to Northern Seas, and Indication of a Possible Passage by Siberian Ocean to Eastern India] Available at: http://feb-web.ru/feb/lomonos/texts/lo0/lo6/lo6-417-.htm?cmd=p (accessed 14.03.2018)
11. Il’in I.A. O Rossii. Tri rechi [About Russia. Three Speeches] Available at: http://legitimist.ru/lib/philosophy/i_ilin_tri_rechi_o_rossii.pdf (accessed 10.02.2018).
12. Labetskaya E.O. Transarkticheskii kontekst strategicheskikh prioritetov RF [The Trans-Arctic Context of Russia’s Strategic Priorities]. Puti k miru i bezopasnosti, 2014, no. 2(47), pp. 81-88. Available at: https://www.imemo.ru/files/File/magazines/puty_miru/2014/December/08Labetskaya.pdf (accessed 14.03.2018).
13. Joint Communication to the European Parliament and the Council. An Integrated European Union Policy for the Arctic. Available at: http://eeas.europa.eu/archives/docs/arctic_region/docs/160427_joint-communication-an-integrated-european-union-policy-for-the-arctic_en.pdf (accessed 08.02.2018).
14. Meeting of the Security Council on the Implementation of Public Policy in the Arctic (In Russ.) Available at: http://news.kremlin.ru/news/20845 (accessed 14.03.2018).
15. Ehrenzeller B., Hrbek R., Malinverni G., Thurer D. Federalism and Foreign Policy. Politorbis, 2003, no. 1(32), pp. 18-38.
16. The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation Stated that the Arctic Should Remain a Region of Peace and Stability (In Russ.) Available at: http://tass.ru/politika/4806088 (accessed 14.03.2018).
17. Nevskaya A. US Sanctions on Russian Energy Sector: First Results and Side Effects. Available at: https://www.imemo.ru/files/File/ru/conf/2018/23012018/Nevskaya.pdf (accessed 29.01.2018).
18. The BEAR Needs to “Keep up with the Times” – Lavrov (In Russ.) Available at: https://sm-news.ru/news/vneshnyaya-politika/sber-neobkhodimo-idti-v-nogu-so-vremenem-lavrov/ (accessed 09.02.2018).
19. The Conference of the Barents Region Parliamentarians Was Opened in Naryan-Mar (In Russ.) Available at: http://nao24.ru/vlast/140-v-naryan-mare-otkrylas-konferenciya-parlamentariev-barenceva-regiona.html#hcq=YL6QTIq (accessed 09.02.2018).
20. Kharitonova E.M. “Myagkaya sila” vo vneshnei politike gosudarstva: opyt Velikobritanii (vtoraya polovina 1990-kh – 2010-e gg.). Diss. kand. pol. nauk [“Soft power” in the Foreign Policy of the State: the Experience of Great Britain (the Second Half of the 1990s – 2010s). PhD. Diss. (pol.)]. Moscow, IMEMO, 2017. Available at: https://www.imemo.ru/files/File/ru/dis/2017-002-Kharitonova-DIS.pdf (accessed 14.03.2018).
21. Surguladze V.Sh. Skrytye metody bor’by za identichnost’. “Tverdaya”, “myagkaya”, “umnaya” – budushchee vlasti v trekh litsakh sily [Hidden Methods of the Fight for Identity. “Hard-”, “Soft-” and “Smart-Power” – the Future of Power in Three Power Forms]. Problemy natsional’noi strategii, 2015, no. 4(31), pp. 233-240.
22. Nye J.S. Jr. How Sharp Power Threatens Soft Power. The Right and Wrong Ways to Respond to Authoritarian Influence. Available at: https://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/china/2018-01-24/how-sharp-power-threatens-soft-power?cid=int-fls&pgtype=hpg (accessed 31.01.2018).
23. Semenenko I.S. “Novyi” natsionalizm i etnopoliticheskaya konfliktnost’: diskursy i praktiki politiki identichnosti (tezisy doklada) [“New” Nationalism and Ethnopolitical Conflict: Discourses and Practices of the Identity Policy (Theses of the Report)] Available at: https://www.imemo.ru/files/File/ru/conf/2018/05022018/05022018-TEZ-001.pdf (accessed 05.02.2018).
24. Norwegian Soft Power in the Struggle for the Arctic: How the “Barents” Change the Future in Their Favor (In Russ.) Available at: https://eadaily.com/ru/news/2015/09/10/norvezhskaya-myagkaya-sila-v-borbe-za-arktiku-kak-barency-menyayut-v-svoyu-polzu-budushchee (accessed 16.02.2018).
25. Zhuravlev A. Ne proigrat’ bitvu za Arktiku [Not to Lose the Battle for the Arctic] Available at: https://iz.ru/news/593187#ixzz3oXz1TAeZ (accessed 14.03.2018).
26. Ivanov I.S. RF i Evropa: ot romantiki k pragmatike [Russia and Europe: from Romance to Pragmatics] Available at: http://russiancouncil.ru/analytics-and-comments/analytics/rf-i-evropa-ot-romantiki-k-pragmatike/ (accessed 02.02.2018).
Registered in System SCIENCE INDEX
No comments