474Primakov National Research Institute of World Economy and International Relations, Russian Academy of Sciences (IMEMO), 23, Profsoyuznaya Str., Moscow 117997, Russian Federation
Abstract. Economic and political integration of European states has had its ups and downs. At present, the European Union has fallen into crisis, probably the most acute in history. Solution approaches to emerging problems are not clear. This creates excessive tensions and accelerates apprehensive attitudes. But the processes breaking out in Europe, which have already changed its layout, have objective reasons, and their main results are irreversible. The European societies are facing challenging but solvable problems. First of all, the EU is undergoing the most broad-scale migration crisis after the World War II. Actions taken are at best able to alleviate the acuteness of the situation, but are unlikely to bring a working solution in the long run. On the one hand, Europe can neither cut itself off the increasing influx of the foreign culture, nor absorb it or assure the conflict free coexistence between migrants and the native population. On the other hand, the aggressive rejection of migrants by nationalist and racist groups constitutes a big danger. In whole, all this makes a grim social cocktail which threatens the European democracy and solidarity. Acute contradictions between the former USSR and European countries are based on their own history. Since the times of restructuring in the USSR, the concept of an expected serious turn in relations between Russia and the West once for all has been forming. However, now the falseness of it became obvious. Not even a satisfactory solution of one utterly acute Ukrainian crisis is forthcoming. And it may be followed by other crises. Assailable elements became apparent also in the EU itself. The highest contradictions point here was the Brexit – the referendum where the British people have by a small majority taken an unprecedented decision of leaving the EU. The European democracy is greatly endangered by bursts of nationalism, radical populism and social aggression in some EU states (Poland and especially Hungary). The European societies and politicians are to give an answer which way the fundamentals of the EU integration and the European civilization itself may and must be protected in the face of the modern world’s severe challenges.
Keywords: migration crisis as a tip of complicated problems, Ukrainian crisis and a backward turn in Europe– Russia relations, assailable elements of the European Union, Brexit, political devolution in Poland and Hungary
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