374S. Tikhomirov (tikhomirov@imemo.ru)
Primakov National Research Institute of World Economy and International Relations, Russian Academy of Sciences (IMEMO), 23, Profsoyuznaya Str., Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation
Abstract. The goal of this investigation is to show the inefficiency of the present-day strategy of passive confrontation with a threatening geo-ecological tendency, and to attract attention to creation and application of active defense technologies for dangerous environmental processes running out of control. The increase in quantity and scale of destroying geophysical events on the Earth relates to the problem of population and economic safety that require common coordination of protective efforts by different states. The objective of appropriate confrontation generates a need of many countries' participation, integration of their intellectual asset and material resources, and serves as a new factor of globalization. In this context, one should take into consideration a long-term global company — the UN International Strategy of Disasters Risk Reduction — and also convocation of regular world forums in its course. Their resolutions and activities of executive structures established create a base for managing risks at the global level, assigned to provide development stable to disasters and temperature changes by joint achievements of the UN projects triad: Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction, Agenda XXI and the Paris Agreement on Climate Change. But, according to the actual overall result after 15 years of the Strategy's realization without authorized institutes and legal obligatory decisions, it has not given a meaningful effect. The analysis of its main documents and possibilities of typical present-day warning and reaction means demonstrates that both the existing institutional framework of cooperation in the emergency sphere and the resistance potential used nowadays cannot stop a dynamic increase in human victims and economic damage caused by nature. For efficient protection from natural disasters and consequences of neglected modifications of geophysical processes carried out by some countries, it is necessary to have not a recommendable, but an obligatory system of its regulation. A political plan of developing a new area of international cooperation and creating ways of its normative and institutional base construction for the future national interests is needed. Consideration of this problem aspect, which has not been researched enough, should promote objective evaluation of the critical situation in the fight against the consistently increasing threat which has global and inevitable character. At the same time, amid both geodynamics and social necessity, it is essential to accelerate creation of institutional and legislative regulations, to enhance global natural disaster risk management.
Keywords: natural disasters, international law, UN, international strategy for disaster reduction
REFERENCES
1. EM-DAT: The OFDA/CRED International Disaster Database. Universite Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium. Available at: http://emdat.be (accessed 18.07.2017).
2. Resolutions and Decisions Adopted by the General Assembly during Sixty-Fourth Session. Volume I. Resolutions 15 September – 24 December 2009. General Assembly. Official Records: Sixty-Fourth Session. Supplement no. 49 (A/64/49). New York, United Nations, 2010. 611 p.
3. Resolution Adopted by the General Assembly 55/2. United Nations Millennium Declaration. 8 September 2000. Resolutions and Decisions Adopted by the General Assembly during Fifty-Fifth Session. Volume I. Resolutions 5 September — 23 December 2000. General Assembly. Official Records: Fifty-Fifth Session. Supplement no. 49 (A/55/49). New York, United Nations, 2001. 626 p.
4. Brazhnikov Yu.V., Kakusha V. N. et al., eds. Uroki tsunami [Tsunami Lessons]. Moscow, Departament mezhdunarodnoi deyatel'nosti MChS Rossii, 2005. 45 p.
5. Gere J. M., Shan H. C. Terra Non Firma. Understanding and Preparing for Earthquakes. New York, W. H. Freeman and Company, 1984. 203 p.
6. Human Development Report 2007/2008. Fighting Climate Change: Human Solidarity in a Divided World. Pittsburgh, UNDP, 2007. 399 p.
7. Information of the Japan Ministry of Finance. Available at: http://www.mof.go.jp (accessed 18.07.2017).
8. Japan Monthly Statistics, 2011, July. Available at: http://www.stat.go.jp (accessed 18.07.2017).
9. Chichkin A. 200 dollarov za barrel’ [$200 per Barrel]. Rossiiskaya gazeta, 17.03.2011. Available at: https://rg.ru/2011/03/17/kudrin.html (accessed 19.07.2017).
10. Japan’s 2011 Earthquake and Tsunami: Economic Effects and Implications for the United States. Available at: https://fas.org/sgp/crs/row/R41702.pdf (accessed 18.07.2017).
11. The 147th Short-Term Forecast for the Japanese Economy (2011/7–9–2013/1–13). Available at: http://www.jcer.or.jp (accessed 18.07.2017).
12. Leont’eva E. L. Yaponiya. Ekonomicheskaya dinamika i likvidatsiya posledstvii udara stikhii [Japan. Economic Dynamics and Natural Disaster Effects Liquidation]. Rossiya i mir: 2012. Ekonomika i vneshnyaya politika. Ezhegodnyi prognoz. Dynkin A. A., Baranovskii V. G., rukovoditeli proekta. Moscow, IMEMO, 2011. 157 p.
13. Resolution 2. Hyogo Framework for Action 2005–2015: Building the Resilience of Nations and Communities to Disasters. Report of the World Conference on Disaster Reduction. Kobe, Hyogo, Japan, 18–22 January 2005. United Nations. General Assembly. (Doc. UN A/CONF.206/6.2005.16 March). 42 p.
14. Implementation of the International Strategy for Disaster Reduction. Report of the Secretary-General. United Nations. General Assembly. (Doc. UN A/63/351.2008.10 September). 21 p.
15. Implementation of the International Strategy for Disaster Reduction. Report of the Secretary-General. United Nations. General Assembly. (Doc. UN A/66/301.2011.12 August). 23 p.
16. Implementation of the International Strategy for Disaster Reduction. Report of the Secretary-General. United Nations. General Assembly. (Doc. UN A/69/364.2014.3 September). 22 p.
17. Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030. Sendai, Japan, 14–18 March 2015. (Doc. UN A/CONF.224/L.2.2015.7 April). 35 p.
18. Implementation of the International Strategy for Disaster Reduction. Report of the Secretary-General. United Nations. General Assembly. (Doc. UN A/70/282.2015.4 August). 18 p.
19. Regional Conference to Address the Problems of Refugees, Displaced Persons, Other Forms of Involuntary Displacement and Returnees in the Countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States and Relevant Neighbouring States. Geneva, 30–31 May 1996. (Doc. CISCONF / 1996 / 6. 1996. 4 July). 40 p.
20. Word Commission on Environment and Development. Our Common Future (Brundtland Report). Oxford, New York, Oxford University Press, 1987. 300 p.
21. Resolution 1. Hyogo Declaration. Report of the World Conference on Disaster Reduction. Kobe, Hyogo, Japan, 18–22 January 2005. United Nations. General Assembly. (Doc. UN A/CONF.206/6.2005.16 March). 42 p.
Registered in System SCIENCE INDEX
No comments