1022D. Krasil'nikov, Perm State National Research University, 15, Bukireva Str., 614068, Perm, Russian Federation (develop@mail.ru),
O. Sivintseva, Perm State National Research University, 15, Bukireva Str., 614068, Perm, Russian Federation (sivenc8@gmail.com)
Acknowledgements. The article is prepared with financial support of the Russian Humanitarian Scientific Foundation (project № 14-33-01028 “The Western Managerial Models in Chinese Institutional Environment: Experience for Russia”).
Abstract. The article deals with adaptation of the Western managerial model "New Public Management" to the institutional conditions of contemporary China. The article examines four groups of the "New Public Management" elements: performance management mechanisms (performance indicators for civil servants), mechanisms of authority devolution (administrative decentralization and public functions transfer from state to private sector), public participation and services delivery increase, economic strategical instruments (accountability management, performance budgeting, budget economy). The performance management mechanisms in China are characterized by absence of determinate indicators and independent results examination. The mechanisms of authority devolution refer to Chinese political leaders’ refusal from delegation of power to areas and private sector on the strength of the rigid state form of government. The instruments of public participation and services delivery increase are limited by lack of active public participation and territorial fragmentation, different status of services providers (from the state to semi independent organizations) in China. The economic strategical instruments “do not work” for expenditures reduction and public administration effectiveness. The article enounces the selective character of imported elements according to the institutional environment specificity (values and traditions as a base of political culture, unripe civil society and commercial sector, state monopoly in Chinese economy, nomenclature survivals in Chinese bureaucracy activity, etc.) and peculiarities of China's political course. The authors reach the conclusion that the specificity of the Chinese "New Public Management" model is preservation of the traditional political system status quo to the detriment of administrative system effectiveness and efficiency. In this regard, the Chinese political leaders refuse to import the "New Public Management" elements related to active public participation and such managerial elements as multiprofessional command and creative organizational culture.
Keywords: New Public Management, administrative reforms, management by results, decentralization, accountability management, performance budgeting, state procurement
REFERENCES
1. Public Procurement in China: European Business Experiences Competing for Public Contracts in China (2010). Available at: http://www.publictendering.com/pdf/PPStudyENFinal.pdf (accessed 21.02.2015).
2. The Government Procurement Law of the People’s Republic of China (2005). Available at: http://www.gov.cn/ english/laws/2005-10/08/content_75023.htm (accessed 27.07.2015).
3. Financial Management and Procurement in World Bank Operations. Annual Report for FY 11 (2012). Available at: http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTPROCUREMENT/Resources/AR-FY11-final-2-29-12.pdf (accessed 17.10.2015).
4. The Interim Regulations on the Registration and Administration of Government-funded Organizations (2004) (In Chin.) Available at: http://news.xinhuanet.com/zhengfu/2004-07/06/ content_1576921.htm (accessed 25.10.2015).
5. The Opinions of the CPC Central Committee on Some Issues Concerning the Government-funded Organizations Reforming (1996) (In Chin.) Available at: http://china.findlaw.cn/fagui/p_1/14353.html (accessed 12.09.2015).
6. The Problems of Government-funded Organizations Reforming in the Context of 40 Millions of People Are Seeking (2011) (In Chin.) Available at: http://news.sina. com.cn/c/sd/2011-05-05/134122410777.shtml (accessed 25.10.2015).
7. Dong Keyong, Liu Xin. Cultivating and Obtaining Organizational Management Human Resources: The Micro Foundations of Mainland China’s Service Organization Reform. Cross-strait NGO Academic and Practice Conference. Taiwan, National Cheng Chi University, 2006, pp. 3-16.
8. Yin Pumin. A New Dawn for NGOs. Registration Requirements Relaxed for Charity Work. Beijing Review (2011). Available at: http://www.bjreview.com.cn/nation/txt/2011-08/01/content_380902.htm (accessed 12.04.2015).
9. Mountfield Ed., Wong C. Public Expenditure on the Frontline: Towards Effective Management by Sub-national Governments. White R., Smoke P., eds. East Asia Decentralizes. Washington, The World Bank, 2005, pp. 85-107.
10. Rural-Urban Dynamics and the Millennium Development Goals. Global Monitoring Report 2013. The World Bank (2013). Available at: https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/13330 (accessed 30.04.2015).
11. Lu Yingqiu, Sun Tao. Local Government Financing Platforms in China: A Fortune or Misfortune? IMF Working Paper. WP/13/243. October 2013. 29 p. Available at: http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/wp/2013/wp13243.pdf (accessed 30.04.2015).
12. Public Spending on Education, total (% on GDP). The World Bank (2013). Available at: http://data.worldbank.org/ indicator/SE.XPD.TOTL.GD.ZS (accessed 28.11.2015).
13. Health Expenditure, Total (% on GDP). The World Bank (2013). Available at: http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/ SH.XPD.TOTL.ZS (accessed 28.11.2015).
14. The Decision of the CPC Central Committee on Some Issues Concerning the Establishment of a Socialist Market Economy Structure (full text) (2003) (In Chin.) Available at: http://www.people.com.cn/GB/shizheng/1024/2145119.html (accessed 18.02.2016).
15. Legislation Law of the People’s Republic of China (2000). Available at: http://www.china.org.cn/english/ government/207420.htm (accessed 12.02.2016).
16. Regulations of the People’s Republic of China on Open Government Information (2009). Available at: https://www.law. yale.edu/system/files/documents/pdf/Intellectual_Life/CL-OGI-Regs-English.pdf (accessed 18.02.2016).
17. Gong Yidong. Public Hearings: Driving the Engine of Democracy in China. Botschaft der Volksrepublik China in der Bundesrepublik Deutschland (2006). Available at: http://www.china-botschaft.de/det/zt/rqwt/t272609.htm (accessed 18.02.2016).
18. Центр гуманитарных технологий. Рейтинг стран мира по уровню развития электронного правительства, 2014. [Tsentr gumanitarnykh tekhnologii. Reiting stran mira po urovnyu razvitiya elektronnogo pravitel'stva, 2014 [The State Rating of E-government Development, 2014]] Available at: http://gtmarket.ru/ratings/e-government-survey/ info (accessed 20.02.2016).
19. China Focus: China Publishes First National Plan for Public Services. Xinhuanet.com, 19.07.2012. Available at: http:// news.xinhuanet.com/english/china/2012-07/19/c_131725435.htm (accessed 11.11.2015).
20. Wen Jiabao. Report on the Work of The Government Delivered at the First Session of the 11th National People’s Congress. Chinese Government’s Official Web Portal, 05.03.2008. Available at: http://english.gov.cn/official/2008-03/20/ content_924600.htm (accessed 12.12.2014).
21. The Opinions of the Ministry of Finance on Assessment of Budgetary Performance of the Central Government State Investment Programs (2004) (In Chin.) Available at: http://www.mof.gov.cn/zhengwuxinxi/caizhengwengao/caizhengbuwengao2005/caizhengbuwengao20052/200805/ t20080525_42717.html (accessed 30.11.2015).
22. The Recommendations of the Ministry of Finance on Assessment of Central Government Expenditures (2011) (In Chin.) Available at: http://jl.mof.gov.cn/lanmudaohang/zonghecaizheng/zhengcejieshao/201105/t20110516_548790.html (accessed 08.09.2015).
23. Niu M., Ho A., Ma J. Performance-Based Budgeting in China: A Case-Study of Guangdong. UNPAN Document Management System. Session 3. Innovations in Governance and Public Service to Achieve a Harmonious Society, 2006, pp. 410-428. Available at: http://unpan1.un.org/intradoc/groups/public/documents/apcity/unpan027044.pdf (accessed 29.11.2015).
24. Сунь Лин. Бюджетирование, ориентированное на результат: опыт Китая. Вестник СПбГУ, 2013, сер. 5, вып. 2, сc. 79-89. [Sun' Lin. Byudzhetirovanie, orientirovannoe na rezul'tat: opyt Kitaya [Performance Budgeting: Chinese Experience]. Vestnik SPbGU [SPbSU’s Herald], 2013, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 79-89].
25. The Interim Provisions of Civil Servants Performance Appraisal (1994) (In Chin.) Available at: http://china.findlaw.cn/fagui/p_1/206969.html (accessed 08.09.2015).
26. Chou B. Civil Service Reform in China, 1993–2001: A Case of Implementation Failure. China: an International Journal, 2004, no. 2(2), рp. 210-234. DOI: 10, 1142 / S0219747204000123.
27. Liu Xin, Dong Keyong. Development of the Civil Servants’ Performance Appraisal System in China: Challenges and Improvements. Review of Public Personal Administration, 2012, no. 32, pp. 149-168.
28. Worldwide Governance Indicator. World Bank (2013). Available at: http://databank.worldbank.org/data/views/reports/ tableview.aspx (accessed 28.11.2015).
29. Pollitt C., Bouckaert G. Public Management Reform. A Comparative Analysis: New Public Management, Governance, and the Neo-Weberian State. Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2011. 367 p.
30. Ferlie E., Geraghty J. Professionals in Public Service Organizations: Implications for Public Sector Reforming. Ferlie E., Lynn L.E., Pollitt C., eds. The Oxford Handbook of Public Management. Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2005, pp. 422-445.
Registered in System SCIENCE INDEX
No comments