Print

Social Issues in the Economic Space of Large Cities

553
Rubric: Economy, Economic Theory
DOI: 10.20542/0131-2227-2016-60-10-62-72

N. Goffe, Primakov National Research Institute of World Economy and International Relations, Russian Academy of Sciences (IMEMO), 23, Profsoyuznaya Str., Moscow, 117997, Russian Federation (nina-goffe@yandex.ru) 

PDF (RUS)
Abstract. Major trends and key contradictions of the global world are best reflected in the modern large cities. They are complex, structured spaces, whose distinct features are necessarily projected on all aspects of their life, including the social sphere. In the late 20th century, the way scholars viewed space underwent considerable changes due to globalization and innovative economy. The narrow understanding of space as a geographic, administrative and economic territory was replaced by a broad definition that focuses on extensive financial, information, technological and other networks. The first section of the paper seeks to analyze the features of this new kind of space to which the global world has given birth. The new kind of space can best be seen in those administrative and territorial entities whose positive and successful development is inextricably linked to it. Highly developed regions and major cities are a prime case in point. One of the key features of the urban economic space is the concentration of human, social and intellectual capitals. These are the three main types of capital that lay the foundation for knowledge-based economy. The major city has largely created this space on its own and at the same time it receives the most benefits. Almost all advantages that make large cities the leaders at the national and supranational levels stem from the fact that this kind of economy has become their key driver. The knowledge-based economy has reinforced positive processes in the socio-economic development of the cities, but it has also led to negative trends. The second section of the paper focuses on the impact of a specific space generated by cities on social issues, primarily including polarization of labor markets, inequality, poverty, challenges linked to migration flows that are more evident at the level of a city than that of a country.
 

Keywords: globalization, urbanization, large metropolitan areas, urban economic space, knowledge-based economy, innovations, inequality, poverty, migration 


REFERENCES

1. Goffe N. Megapolisy – inkubatory innovatsii [Large Cities – Incubators for Innovation]. Mirovaya ekonomika i mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya, 2012, no. 8, pp. 46-59.

2. Ricardo D. The Principles of Political Economy and Taxation. Kitchener (Ontario), Batoche Books, 2001. 333 p. Available at: http://socserv.mcmaster.ca/econ/ugcm/3ll3/ricardo/Principles.pdf (accessed 05.04.2016).

3. Alfred Weber`s Theory of the Location of Industries. Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1929. 306 p. Available at: https://archive.org/stream/alfredweberstheo00webe/alfredweberstheo00webe_djvu.txt (accessed 20.04.2016).

4. Lösch A. The Economics of Location. New Haven, London, Yale University Press, 1978. 520 ð. Available at: https://archive.org/stream/economicsoflocat00ls/economicsoflocat00ls_djvu.txt (accessed 05.04.2016).

5. Isard W. Location and Space-economy: a General Theory Relating to Industrial Location, Market Areas, Land Use, Trade, and Urban Structure. Cambridge, Massachusetts, The MIT Press and Wiley, New York. 1956. 382 p.

6. Krugman P. Increasing Returns and Economic Geography. Journal of Political Economy, 1991, vol. 99, no. 3, pp. 483-499. 

7. Glaeser E. L. Cities, Agglomeration and Spatial Equilibrium. Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2008. 288 p.

8. Fujita M., Krugman P., Venables A. J. The Spatial Economy. Cities, Regions, and International Trade. Cambridge, Massachusetts, MIT Press, 1999. 367. p

9. McCann Ph. Modern Urban and Regional Economics. Oxford, Oxford University Press, 2013. 432 p. 

10. Martin R. Rebalancing the Spatial Economy: The Challenge for Regional Theory. Territory, Politics, Governance, 2015, vol. 3, issue 3, pp. 235-272. 

11. Minakir P.A., Dem'yanenko A.N. Prostranstvennaya ekonomika: evolyutsiya podkhodov i metodologiya [Spatial Economics: The Evolution of Approaches and Methodology]. Prostranstvennaya ekonomika, 2010, no. 2, pp. 6-32.

12. Daalder I. A New Global Order of Cities. Financial Times, 26.05.2015.  

13. Dovbysh E. Uchastie gorodov v integratsionnykh protsessakh ES [Participation of Cities in the EU Integration Process]. Mirovaya ekonomika i mezhdunarodnye otnosheniya, 2016, no. 1, pp. 93-102.

14. Friedman T.L. The World Is Flat: A Brief History of the Twenty-first Century. New York, Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2005. 488 p.

15. OECD Regional Outlook 2014. Regions and Cities: Where Policies and People Meet. Paris, OECD, 2014. 289 p. Available at: http://www.oecd.org/regional/oecd-regional-outlook-2014-9789264201415-en.htm (accessed 05.03.2016).

16. UN HABITAT State of World’s Cities 2010/2011. London, Washington, UN, 2008. 62 p. Available at: http://mirror.unhabitat.org/pmss/listItemDetails.aspx?publicationID=2917 (accessed 20.04.2016).

17. Lee N. Cultural Diversity, Cities and Innovation: Firm Effects or City Effects? Journal of Economic Geography, July 2014, pp. 1-28. Available at: http://joeg.oxfordjournals.org/content/early/2014/07/30/jeg.lbu032.full.pdf (accessed 20.04.2016).

18. Why Mega-Regions Rule the World. The Economist, 06.06.2014. Available at: http://gelookahead.economist.com/mega-regions-rule-world/ (accessed 20.04.2016).

19. Territorial Dynamics in Europe. Regions and Cities in the Global Economy. Territorial Observation, May 2012, no. 6. ESPON 2013 Programme, 24 p. 

20. Does London’s Financial Centre Boost or Harm the UK Economy? The Guardian, 25.02.2014. Available at: https://www.theguardian.com/business/economics-blog/2014/feb/25/london-financial-centre-boost-or-harm-uk-economy (accessed 20.04.2016).

21. Understanding Local Growth. BIS Economic Paper. October 2010, no. 7. 58 p. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/32113/10-1226-understanding-local-growth.pdf (accessed 20.04.2016).

22. Sassen S. The Global City: New York, London, Tokyo. Princeton, Princeton University Press, 2001. 480 p. 

23. Hamnett Ch. Why Sassen Is Wrong: A Response to Burgers. Urban Studies, February 1996, pp. 107-110.

24. Pratschke J., Morlicchio E. Social Polarization, the Labour Market and Economic Restructuring in Europe: An Urban Perspective. Available at: http://www.socialpolis.eu/uploads/tx_sp/EF02_Paper.pdf (accessed 20.04.2016).

25. Bischoff K., Reardon S.F. Residential Segregation by Income, 1970–2009. Available at: http://www.s4.brown.edu/us2010/Data/Report/report10162013.pdf (accessed 20.04.2016).

26. The American Middle Class Is Losing Ground. Pew Research Center. 09.12.2015. Available at: http://www.pewsocialtrends.org/2015/12/09/the-american-middle-class-is-losing-ground/ (accessed 20.04.2016).

27. Florida R. The High Inequality of U.S, Metro Areas Compared to Countries. Available at: http://www.citylab.com/work/2012/10/high-inequality-us-metro-areas-compared-countries/3079/ (accessed 20.04.2016).

28. Pocket World in Figures. 2016 Edition. London, Economist Books, 2015. 31 p.

29. 20 Cities with the Widest Gap between the Rich and Poor. 24/7 Wall St. Available at: http://247wallst.com/special-report/2015/07/08/20-cities-with-the-widest-gap-between-the-rich-and-poor/2/#ixzz3zPirebX2 (accessed 05.04.2016).

30. Hertz D. Why Are Metropolitan Areas More “Equal” than Their Central Cities? Available at: http://cityobservatory.org/why-are-metropolitan-areas-more-equal-than-their-central-cities/ (accessed 20.04.2016).

31. The CEO Poverty Measure, 2005–2012. An Annual Report from the Office of the Mayor. New York, April 2014. 94 p. Available at: http://www.nyc.gov/html/ceo/downloads/pdf/ceo_poverty_measure_2005_2012.pdf (accessed 20.04.2016).

32. Tsapenko I.P. Upravlenie migratsiei: opyt razvitykh stran [Managing Migration: Developed Countries’ Experience]. Moscow, Academia, 2009. 364 p.

33. Thomas E. Immigration Is an Urban Issue. Available at: http://www.centreforcities.org/blog/immigration-is-an-urban-issue (accessed 20.04.2016).

34. Florida R. Immigrants Boost the Wages, Income and Economic Output of Cities. Available at: http://www.theatlanticcities.com/politics/2013/04/how-immigration-helps-cities/5323/ (accessed 20.04.2016). 


Registered in System SCIENCE INDEX

For citation:
Goffe N. Social Issues in the Economic Space of Large Cities. World Eñonomy and International Relations, 2016, vol. 60, no. 10, pp. 62-72. https://doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2016-60-10-62-72

Contents World Eñonomy and International Relations. 2016, vol. 60, no. 10

Comments (0)

Show

No comments

Add comment







Indexed

 

 

 

 

Dear authors! Please note that in the VAK List of peer-reviewed scientific journals, in which the main scientific results of dissertations for the degree of candidate and doctor of sciences should be published for the “MEMO Journal” the following specialties are recorded:
economic sciences:
5.2.5. World Economy.
5.2.1. Economic Theory
5.2.3. Regional and Branch Economics
political sciences:
5.5.4. International Relations
5.5.1. History and Theory of Politics
5.5.2. Political Institutions, Processes, Technologies

 

Current Issue
2024, vol. 68, No. 12
Topical Themes of the Issue:
  • Mechanisms of International Financial Relations in the Conditions of Globalization Crisis  
  • “New” Militarization of Europe?
  • Foreign Economic Policy of Germany: African Vector
  • Transformation of the Conflict Field in Abkhazia: Contemporary Politics and Historical Context
Announcement

Dear authors of the journal!

Please note that the author's copies of the issues in which your texts are published are kept in the editorial office for no more than one year. After this period expires, the editorial office has the right to dispose of unclaimed copies at its own discretion.

 

Submit an Article
Submit an Article
INVITATION FOR PUBLICATION
The Editorial Board invites authors to write analytical articles on the following topics:
  • changes in the processes of globalization in modern conditions
  • formation of the new world order
  • shifts in civilization at the stage of transition to a digital society

The editors are also interested in publishing synthesis articles / scientific reviews revealing the main trends in the development of certain regions of the world - Latin America, Africa, South Asia, etc.

Scientific and Practical Seminar of IMEMO, RIAC
and the MEMO Journal