The nature of economic relations directly depends on moral and ethical features of the economic agents. At this moment Russia has got a unique opportunity to build a civilized model of economy by adjusting the moral and ethical features of the economic agents. The author presents a three-level structure of the moral and ethical features of individuals. Each level (material, intellectual and social) is determined by the features such as diligence, frugality, intelligence, initiativeness, honesty, trust, responsibility, humanness, patriotism. The peculiarity of the civilized model of economy is a commitment to balance the different social groups’ interests. The different moral and ethical features form human and social capital of the individual or the society as a whole. In particular the elements of the material level in the structure of the moral and ethical features of the economic agents form labor capital (as a desire and ability to work) and health capital (health and health preserving behaviour). Intellectual level of moral and ethical features (intelligence, initiativeness, creativity) generate intellectual capital. Social capital is based on social features: honesty, trust, responsibility, humanness, patriotism. Labor, health and intellectual capital are considered to be the elements of human capital. Human and social types of capital constitute moral and ethical capital of the economic agents as the key resource of civilized economy. This type of capital can be defined as unlimited, synergetic and able to influence on other economic resources efficiency. On the basis of analysis of economic efficiency indicators evolution the article suggests the methodology of moral and ethical capital evaluating by summarizing absolute economic losses of its misuse. Consideration of types of capital classification and of the structure of moral and ethical capital enables author to suggest recommendations on how to increase the definite elements of moral and ethical capital of the Russian society by means of government social, economic and institutional policy.