The transnational Islamist movement called Salafi-Jihadism has definitely become one of the most serious challenges to global security. The article deals with such issues as the Salafi ideology based on the concept of return to the original pure Islam of the prophet Muhammad and his successors; Jihadism as the call for merciless struggle against all those who threaten Islam and Muslim values; the Khalifate as the ultimate aim of the powerful universalist movement claiming loyalty of Muslims around the globe. The author points at the extra-national and totalitarian nature of Jihadism.