Abstract. The paper discusses the modern risks to global security in the context of non-proliferation of biological weapons and the problems relating to elimination of such risks. Also, the author considers a number of scientific issues that have relation to Convention on prohibiting development, production and accumulation of bacteriological (biological) and tocsin weapons and on their destruction. The author studies the dangers of scientific experiments with weapons application, as well as the issues of monitoring the life sciences, including responsibility of scholars for excluding military application of the scientific achievements.