Abstract. This was the theme of the Conference held in November 2010 in all-Russia State Library for Foreign Literature named after M.I. Rudomino. Its organizers were the Research center of religious literature and editions of the Russian diaspora (VGBIL), Center for the study of world religions (Russian University of Humanities) and the Center for problems of modernization and development (IMEMO). The past century showed the fallacy of the perception that the world of religious concepts and relations gradually comes to naught, that the revolutionary dynamics means an erosion of religious sphere and, at last, that the notions of revolution and religion are certainly antagonistic. It was noted during the discussion that religion and the revolution, “the old order” and the riot are interlinked in multiple forms. A rebirth of religious interests in the Russian society is connected with a desire to escape from state administrative-command “neo-archaism”.