In article the fundamental bases of formation of balance in world economy are investigated. For this purpose the author applies the device of the analysis of national competitiveness to its two subjects – to the country – emitter of reserve currency and “other world”. Long-term structural shifts in world economy and evolution of world currency system throughout last 60 years are in parallel considered. In the course of the analysis the author gives special attention to factors of consumption and import of the country-emitter of reserve currency and a level of development of the commodity markets of key economies of “other world” – European, Japanese and Chinese.