Abstract. The author discusses the relationships between the demographic processes taking place in the leading countries of the world, particularly the United States, Russia, India, countries in North-East Asia, and the prospects of the evolution of their domestic and foreign policies. The principal features of the great powers’ evolution are picked out, including steadily ageing of the population, slowing down of economic growth and even its absolute reduction. In the author’s view, in the future this will reduce the material possibilities and socio-psychological inclination of aging states to pursue power politics. This may contribute to the creation of preconditions for a “demographic peace”.