Abstract. In the present article, the author analyzes the issue of conflict zones around Russia in the post-Soviet space. The events of August 2008 in the Caucasus region outlined many problems, the solution of which determines significantly Russia's security. At that, not only "frozen" conflicts in South Caucasus and Moldova carry the destructive potential. Territorial problems also exist between Russia and Ukraine. The question of the Caspian Sea legal status remains unclear, while it is bordered with Central Asia with its social, ethno-religious and territorial problems, which creates the "instability belt" on Russia's southern borders. Russia's policy success and its world role will primarily depend on its economic and scientific potential, its capacity for rapid development.