The article gives an overview of the factors that precondition the aggressive expansion of big corporate business (mostly of companies – raw materials producers) and, at the same time, stagnation in development of small and medium enterprises. The disproportions caused by these anomalies together with hierarchical character of relations between the State and the business sector greatly reduce the investment potential and the scope of Russian private and state companies’ innovative activities. The author sees the transition from a hierarchical model of business-State relations to a more balanced partnership interaction as a solution to the arising problems.