Abstract. The article examines the Collective Security Treaty Organization’s (CSTO) approaches to addressing security challenges emanating from Afghanistan, including terrorism, drug trafficking, and instability. It analyzes the evolution of member states’ cooperation since 2005, encompassing political consultations, military measures, and special operations. Particular focus is given to the post-2021 period following the Taliban’s rise to power, highlighting divergent positions among CSTO members regarding engagement with the new regime. Key initiatives such as border security reinforcement along the Tajik-Afghan frontier and counterterrorism operation “Nayemnik (Mercenary)” are reviewed. The study underscores the CSTO’s ongoing role in coordinating regional security efforts while emphasizing the need for unified strategic approaches among member states to effectively counter Afghan-originating threats.