Abstract. Modern geopolitical upheavals in the Middle East, combined with the Ukrainian crisis, have triggered the activation of terrorist and radical Islamist groups in post-Soviet Eurasia. They pose a particular threat to Tajikistan, where the political and religious situation is complicated by unresolved socio-economic problems as well as difficulties in the center’s relations with the Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Region. Tajikistan faces especial security risks from members of transnational Islamist terrorist organizations based in Afghanistan and the Middle East, mainly in Syria. There is also a connection with the religious radicalism of Tajik migrant workers, represented, in particular, in Russia, where they often find themselves involved in terrorist structures. The policy of the Government of Tajikistan on countering extremism and religious radicalism reduces the level of terrorist threat to this Central Asian republic. It is also important that it is fully supported by Russia, which is building its own anti-terrorist strategy, which takes into account the complicated international agenda and the unending hostile attacks from unfriendly countries.