Abstract. Moldovenism is considered by the author as a “mild”, inclusive form of Moldavian nationalism, which is aimed at the formation of a multi-component civil nation while respecting the rights of ethnic minorities. The article identifies three main factions in modern Moldovenism – Communists (PCRM), Socialists (PSRM) and supporters of I.Shor (“Victory” bloc, etc.). Moldovenists of all three movements declare a firm commitment to the neutral status of the republic and are categorically opposed to the Moldova's involvement into the Ukrainian conflict on the side of the West. They are fighting against Moldova’s annexation by Romania. It is also important that there is some sympathy for Russia in Moldovenism. Moldovenists, as a rule, are tolerant to Russia and its government. 
Assessing Moldovenism from the point of view of Russia’s national interests, the author concludes that it can be useful for our country, because it’s possible to cooperate with its adherents and because radical hostile actions from them can be hardly expected.