Abstract. The neighborhood with Afghanistan creates many serious security challenges for the post-Soviet states of the Central Asian region. This is not only due to the general turbulence associated with the collapse of the American-backed regime in Kabul and the rise to power of the radical Islamist movement. The growing activity of the local branch of the transnational jihadist network “Islamic State – Khorasan Province” (ISIL, ISIS, IS – the terrorist organization banned in Russia) gives particular urgency to the danger emanating from the Afghan land. The activities of this extremist group are not limited to terrorist attacks against representatives of the current Afghan authorities. The terrorists acting under the banner of ISIS are actively conducting propaganda activities aimed at the population of the post-Soviet countries of Central Asia (primarily Uzbekistan and Tajikistan), recruiting supporters and undermining the socio-political situation. The article examines the main directions of such activities of the supporters of the “Khorasan project” and expresses thoughts on ways to counteract this danger.