Abstract. In the conditions of the implementation of the special military operation of the Russian Federation in Ukraine, the former logic of the economic relations of the Republic of Belarus and the Russian Federation with the countries of the collective West has completely changed. Sanctions pressure and isolation from the West have become a factor contributing to the consolidation of the positions of the two countries within the framework of the Union State. In the new conditions, the role of the Union State as the main platform for Russian-Belarusian cooperation has increased. The Republic of Belarus and the Russian Federation have taken concrete actions to expand economic, scientific and technical cooperation in the field of import substitution, as well as to deepen their integration.