The article discusses the importance of the human capital assets as the key factor for strengthening and continuous development of the social and economic sphere of the unrecognized states through the example of the Donetsk People’s Republic. The authors show both the role of the approaches to the formation and development of human capital existing in modern science and the possibility of using their potential at a practical level. The conditions and opportunities of forming and developing the human capital, so far developed in the Donetsk People’s Republic, have been analyzed from the interdisciplinary perspective. Certain sociological generalizations on the peculiarities of the professional self-determination of young people are presented.