Abstract. Falling down of living standards of a substantial part of local population, lack of political will among regional leaders to carry out political and socio-economic reforms, absence of proper legal institutional mechanisms of transferring political power constitute main factors that may cause destabilization in Central Asian countries. Against this background the number of supporters of radical Islamism in these countries is growing up. Stability in Central Asia is also challenged by such external factors as growing contradictions in the Islamic world bordering the region as well as an increasing confrontation between the West, on the one side, Russia and China on the other.