Despite different views regarding the SCO's role and capabilities in resolution of the Afghan problem, the necessity to build up joint response to threats coming from the territory of Afghanistan is recognized and occupies an important place in the current foreign policy of Central Asian countries, Russia and China. The article analyses main directions of economic cooperation between the SCO member states and Afghanistan as well as the SCO capabilities to coordinate multilateral economic projects aimed at stabilization of this country and of the region as a whole.