Abstract. Formation of a strategic alliance between Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan may result in far-reaching consequences for political forces arrangement in Central Asia. With the two most developed regional republics drawing together on the basis of opposition to hydropower projects of Kirghizia and Tajikistan it may lead to division of the region into blocs and increase its political instability. Also while the USA is becoming more active in Central Asia the Kazakhstan - Uzbekistan strategic alliance may become an important factor of regional geopolitics.